Christian Müller (facteur d'orgues)

Christian Müller
Biographie
Naissance
Décès
Activité
Œuvres principales
Grand-orgue de l'église Saint-Bavon de Haarlem (d)Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata

Christian Müller (Saint-Andreasberg, - Amsterdam 1763) est un facteur d'orgue d'origine allemande établi aux Pays-Bas, devenu le plus fameux de ce pays. Son chef-d'œuvre et le plus prestigieux des instruments qu'il a réalisés est le grand-orgue de l'église Saint-Bavon de Haarlem, qui jouit d'une réputation internationale exceptionnelle.

Biographie

Christian Müller est le sixième des sept enfants d'un menuisier, Peter Müller (vers 1640-1705) et de son épouse Elisabeth Otte (morte vers 1652). On ne connaît pas où il a pu faire son apprentissage en Allemagne. En 1716, il partit pour Amsterdam et l'on sait qu'en 1718; il travaillait avec un facteur d'orgues de cette ville, Cornelis Hoornbeeck. Le 25 avril 1719 il fut admis comme membre de l'Église luthérienne d'Amsterdam, et un an plus tard, il s'établit de façon indépendante. Le 17 mai 1720, il épousait Elisabeth van der Berg, qui mourait dès l'année suivante. Il épousa sa deuxième femme, Catherina Beverwijk le 19 octobre 1721. Celle-ci lui donna onze enfants. Elle mourut le 3 mars 1769 à Amsterdam et fut inhumée le 9 mars suivant.

Müller avait travaillé à la cathédrale de Bois-le-Duc, en tant que compagnon de Cornelis Hoornbeeck, tout d'abord avec Rudolf Garrels ; il reçut ensuite des commandes pour coopérer sur trois orgues à Amsterdam, lesquels sont aujourd'hui disparus. Son activité s'est exercée en Hollande occidentale. Les orgues monumentales de l'église Saint Bavon à Haarlem, alors parmi les plus importantes d'Europe, ont joui d'une réputation internationale. Outre les orgues de tribune d'églises, Müller a azussi construit des orgues de salon. Au niveau des conceptions structurelles et architecturales, ainsi que de la musicalité, les orgues de Christian Müller réalisent une synthèse de la traditionnelle facture d'orgues néerlandaise du XVIIe siècle et de la nouvelle conception, hambourgeoise et de Groningue, qui est celle d'Arp Schnitger et d'Albertus Antonius Hinsz.

Instruments réalisés

Les instruments ci-dessous sont très largement préservés dans leur configuration (dans la colonne « Claviers » : « P » majuscule = pédalier autonome, « p » minuscule = pédalier par tirasse) :

Dates Lieu Église Photo Claviers Registres Remarques
1724–1727 Leeuwarden Grote kerk ou église des Jacobins zentriert III/P 38 Avec positif de dos et écho ; largement préservé.
1726 Westerbork Église réformée zentriert I/p 8 Reconstruction d'un instrument plus ancien provenant de Beetgum (en Frise) et installé en 1862.
1734 Amsterdam Église wallonne zentriert II/P 26 Largement préservé ; buffet de 1680 par Nicolaas Langlez
1735–1738 Haarlem Église Saint-Bavon zentriert III/P 60 Largement préservé ; aujourd'hui III/P/62
1737 Zaandam Église luthérienne zentriert II/p 13 Prospekt und etwas Pfeifenwerk erhalten
1742 Bennebroek Église réformée zentriert II/p Neubau hinter Prospekt von Gysbert Bongaert (1686); Innenwerk 1925 ersetzt
1744 Oosterwijtwerd Église réformée zentriert I 8 Kabinettorgel; ursprünglicher Standort unbekannt
um 1745 La Haye Grote of St.-Jacobskerk/Van Assendelftkapel zentriert I 8 Kabinettorgel; ursprünglicher Standort unbekannt
1747 Privatbesitz I 7 Kabinettorgel
1756 Beverwijk Grote Kerk (Grande église) zentriert II/P 22 Weitgehend erhalten
1762 Alkmaar Kapelkerk zentriert II/p 18 1882 Änderungen durch L. Ypma

Liens externes

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