Caryophyllales

Les Caryophyllales (synonyme : Centrospermales) sont un ordre de plantes dicotylédones comprenant 38 familles (selon la dernière classification APG IV) et 8 600 espèces. Cet ordre est nettement monophylétique comme le montrent de nombreuses synapomorphies[1]. Les espèces sont notamment caractérisées par des feuilles généralement opposées, des ovules à placentation centrale libre ou basale (d'où l'ancien nom de Centrospermales), souvent campylotropes (d'où l'ancien nom de Curvembryales), et la présence de bétalaïne (à l'exception des Caryophyllaceae qui ont des anthocyanes), pigments azotés qui expliquent que beaucoup des espèces sont des plantes rudérales nitrophiles[2].

Dans son acception moderne, il comprend aussi tout un groupe de familles dont les similitudes morphologiques sont moins claires (appelé autrefois Polygonales), qui ne produisent jamais de bétalaïnes, et qui contient plusieurs familles de plantes carnivores (comme les Droséracées et les Népenthacées)[3].

D'après des calculs utilisant l'horloge moléculaire, la lignée menant aux Caryophyllales se serait séparée des autres plantes il y a environ 111 millions d'années[4].

Liste de familles

En classification phylogénétique APG IV (2016)[5] s'ajoutent les nouvelles familles suivantes : Kewaceae, Macarthuriaceae et Microteaceae, de plus les Petiveriaceae séparées des Phytolaccaceae[6].

En classification phylogénétique APG III (2009)[7] il comprend les familles suivantes :

Histoire

En classification classique de Cronquist (1981)[8] il comprenait les familles suivantes :


La classification phylogénétique APG (1998)[9] et la classification phylogénétique APG II (2003)[10] ont étendu cet ordre. L'ordre est plus près de la sous-classe Caryophyllidae de Cronquist. En APG II la circonscription est :

Notes et références

  1. Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter Stevens, Botanique systématique : Une perspective phylogénétique, De Boeck Supérieur, (lire en ligne), p. 240
  2. Michel Botineau, Botanique systématique et appliquée des plantes à fleurs, Lavoisier, , p. 339
  3. Cuénoud, P. (2003). Introduction to Expanded Caryophyllales. In: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume V, (K. Kubitzki & C.Bayer eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg.1-4. Conspectus of Families of Expanded Caryophyllales. Ibid. 5-6.
  4. (en) Susana Magallón et Amanda Castillo, « Angiosperm diversification through time », American Journal of Botany, vol. 96, no 1,‎ , p. 349–365 (ISSN 0002-9122, e-ISSN 1537-2197, DOI 10.3732/ajb.0800060, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  5. (en) Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, « An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV », Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Wiley-Blackwell, Linnean Society of London et OUP, vol. 181, no 1,‎ , p. 1-20 (ISSN 0024-4074 et 1095-8339, DOI 10.1111/BOJ.12385).Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
  6. (en) « here we add three additional families (Schäferhoff, Müller & Borsch, 2009; Christenhusz et al., 2014): Kewaceae (with the genus Kewa Christenh., which has been segregated from Hypertelis E.Mey. ex Fenzl., the type species H. spergulacea E.Mey. ex Fenzl remaining in Molluginaceae), Microteaceae and Macarthuriaceae. ». Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Dans Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385
  7. (en) Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, « An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III », Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Wiley-Blackwell, Linnean Society of London et OUP, vol. 161, no 2,‎ , p. 105–121 (ISSN 0024-4074 et 1095-8339, DOI 10.1111/J.1095-8339.2009.00996.X).Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
  8. (en) Arthur Cronquist, An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants, New York, CUP, (ISBN 0-231-03880-1, OCLC 1136076363, lire en ligne).Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
  9. (en) Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, « An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants », Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Jardin botanique du Missouri, vol. 85, no 4,‎ , p. 531–553 (ISSN 0026-6493, 2162-4372, 0893-3243 et 2326-487X, DOI 10.2307/2992015, JSTOR 2992015, lire en ligne).Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
  10. (en) Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, « An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II », Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Wiley-Blackwell, Linnean Society of London et OUP, vol. 141, no 4,‎ , p. 399–436 (ISSN 0024-4074 et 1095-8339, DOI 10.1046/J.1095-8339.2003.T01-1-00158.X).Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata

Voir aussi

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

Bibliographie

  • (en) H. D. Behnke et T. J. Mabry, Caryophyllales. Evolution and Systematics, Springer Science & Business Media, , 334 p. (lire en ligne)

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