Babouin hamadryas

Papio hamadryas · Hamadryas

Page d’aide sur l’homonymie

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Papion (homonymie), Hamadryas, Hamadryade et Tartarin.

Papio hamadryas
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Babouin hamadryas
Classification MSW
Règne Animalia
Embranchement Chordata
Classe Mammalia
Ordre Primates
Sous-ordre Haplorrhini
Infra-ordre Simiiformes
Micro-ordre Catarrhini
Super-famille Cercopithecoidea
Famille Cercopithecidae
Sous-famille Cercopithecinae
Genre Papio

Espèce

Papio hamadryas
Linnaeus, 1758

Synonymes

  • Papio cynamolgus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Papio wagleri (Agassiz, 1828)
  • Papio chaeropitheus (Lesson, 1840)
  • Papio nedjo (Reichenbach, 1863)
  • Papio aegyptiaca (Gray, 1870)
  • Papio arabicus (Thomas, 1900)
  • Papio brockmani (Elliot, 1909)

Statut de conservation UICN

( LC )
LC  : Préoccupation mineure

Statut CITES

Sur l'annexe II de la CITES Annexe II , Rév. du 04/02/1977

Le Babouin hamadryas ou Hamadryas (Papio hamadryas) est un babouin des régions arides qui se rencontre de part et d'autre de la mer Rouge et dans la corne de l'Afrique (Djibouti, Éthiopie, Érythrée, Somalie). Il a été probablement introduit dans la péninsule Arabique par les navigateurs yéménites.

Babouin sacré des Égyptiens, Musée du Louvre

Cette espèce de babouins était sacrée chez les anciens Égyptiens ; l'une des représentations du dieu Thot est l'hamadryas, le babouin à manteau.

Le dimorphisme sexuel est marqué. Les mâles adultes pèsent une vingtaine de kilogrammes. Ils portent un manteau de longs poils clairs qui s'arrête au bassin. La face est glabre ; le museau est long et anguleux. Les mâchoires montrent des canines de 4 cm. Les femelles sont beaucoup plus petites (12 kg) ; leur poil est brun et court. Le babouin hamadryas mesure de 50 à 90 cm et sa queue mesure de 40 à 60 cm.

Son alimentation est constituée de feuilles, de fruits, de racines, de graines, d'œufs, de petits vertébrés et même de scorpions.

La maturité sexuelle survient vers l'âge de 4 ou 5 ans pour la femelle et de 5 à 7 ans pour le mâle. La gestation dure environ six mois et les femelles ont un petit environ tous les vingt-deux mois. La durée de vie dans la nature est estimée à une vingtaine d'années.

Ces babouins vivent dans des harems (en) polygynes[1].

Dénominations

Babouin hamadryas[2], Hamadryas[2],[3], Hamadryade[2], Cynocéphale hamadryade[2], Cynocéphale papion[2], Papion à perruque[2], Tartarin[3].

Découverte et taxinomie

Cette espèce a été décrite pour la première fois en 1758 par Carl von Linné sous le nom Simia hamadryas.

  • Hamadryas en famille.
    Hamadryas en famille.
  • Babouins hamadryas au zoo de Cologne.
    Babouins hamadryas au zoo de Cologne.
Aire de répartition

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Pascal Picq, Et l'évolution créa la femme, Odile Jacob, , p. 87
  2. ↑ a b c d e et f Meyer C., ed. sc., 2009, Dictionnaire des Sciences Animales. consulter en ligne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
  3. ↑ a et b (en) Murray Wrobel, Elsevier's Dictionary of Mammals : in Latin, English, German, French and Italian, Amsterdam, Elsevier, , 857 p. (ISBN 978-0-444-51877-4, lire en ligne), entrée N°4964.
  • Vies de Singes (mœurs et structures sociales des babouins hamadryas) Hans Kummer - éditions Odile Jacob, (ISBN 2-7381-0196-8)

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