Azoture de lithium

Azoture de lithium
Image illustrative de l’article Azoture de lithium
__ Li+     __ N3
Structure cristalline de l'azoture de lithium
Identification
No CAS 19597-69-4
No ECHA 100.039.237
No CE 243-177-1
PubChem 88163
SMILES
InChI
Propriétés chimiques
Formule LiN3  [Isomères]
Masse molaire[1] 48,961 ± 0,003 g/mol
Li 14,18 %, N 85,82 %,
Propriétés physiques
fusion 115 à 298 °C[2] (décomposition)
Solubilité soluble dans l'eau[2]
Masse volumique 1,84 g·cm-3[2]
Précautions
SGH[3]
SGH06 : Toxique
Danger
H311, P280, P301+P310+P330, P302+P352+P312 et P304+P340+P310
Transport[3]
-
   3287   

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

L'azoture de lithium est un composé chimique de formule LiN3. Il se présente comme un solide cristallisé toxique qui se décompose de manière explosive lorsqu'il est chauffé. Très hygroscopique et soluble dans l'eau, il cristallise dans le système monoclinique avec le groupe d'espace C2/m (no 12) et Z = 2[2].

L'azoture de lithium peut être obtenu par métathèse en faisant réagir de l'azoture de sodium NaN3 avec du sulfate de lithium Li2SO4[4] :

2 NaN3 + Li2SO4 ⟶ 2 LiN3 + Na2SO4.

La réaction fonctionne également avec le nitrate de lithium LiNO3 :

NaN3 + LiNO3 ⟶ LiN3 + NaNO3.

Il peut également être obtenu en faisant réagir de l'azoture de sodium avec du chlorure de lithium LiCl[4] :

NaN3 + LiCl ⟶ LiN3 + NaCl.

Notes et références

  1. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  2. a b c et d (de) Jean D'Ans, Ellen Lax, Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker, Springer, 1997, p. 536 sqq. (ISBN 3-540-60035-3)
  3. a et b Fiche Sigma-Aldrich du composé Lithium azide solution 20 wt. % in H2O, consultée le 1 novembre 2020.
  4. a et b (de) Georg Brauer, en collaboration avec Marianne Baudler, Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie, 3e édition révisée, vol. I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, p. 457. (ISBN 3-432-02328-6)

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