Apolipoprotéine

Apolipoprotéine E3.

Les apolipoprotéines sont des protéines constitutives des lipoprotéines, structures chargées de transporter des molécules hydrophobes (triglycérides, cholestérol) dans le sang, milieu aqueux. Elles assurent la cohésion et la solubilisation des lipoprotéines dans le sang. Elles ont aussi un rôle dans la régulation métabolique (activateur/inhibiteur d'enzymes plasmatiques ou ligands des récepteurs membranaires).

Selon les lipoprotéines, les apolipoprotéines ne sont pas les mêmes. Certaines sont transférables d'une lipoprotéine à une autre, comme les apolipoprotéines E (Apo E) et C (Apo C).

On distingue :

Ainsi en fonction des apolipoprotéines présentes à leur surface, les lipoprotéines seront capturées par des cellules différentes (possédant des récepteurs aux apolipoprotéines différents).

Dosage

Il peut être fait chez un patient non à jeun. Il concerne essentiellement l'Apo A et les Apo B. La méthode de dosage en est standardisée depuis 1993[1].

Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire

Une augmentation du rapport Apo B/Apo A est un facteur de risque cardiovasculaire classique[2],[3]. L'intérêt de sa mesure reste discuté par rapport à celle des dosages du cholestérol LDL et HDL pour la prévention des risques cardiovasculaires : elle apparaît ainsi dans certaines recommandations [4] mais une autre étude donne un résultat peu concluant[5].

Facteurs de risque de démence

Le gène de l'Apo E existe sous trois formes (allèles): APO E2 (7-8 % de la population générale), E3 (75-80 %, la plus fréquente) et E4 (15-15 %)[6]. L'allèle E4 est connu comme étant le principal facteur de risque génétique de la forme sporadique (non-familiale, la plus fréquente) de la Maladie d'Alzheimer et ce principalement en cas d'homozygotie. En effet, d'après des études récentes[6],[7], le risque des porteurs de la forme hétérozygote E3/E4 auraient un risque de développer la maladie 3.2 fois supérieur à celui des E3/E3. Les porteurs homozygotes (E4/E4) auraient quant à eux un risque 11.6 fois supérieur aux E3/E3. L'allèle E2 serait quant à lui un allèle protecteur, puisque les porteurs E2/E3 auraient un risque de développer la maladie légèrement inférieur aux non-porteurs.

Apolipoprotéines amylogènes

Certaines apolipoprotéines sont à l'origine d'amylose (maladie). En effet, en fonction de la composition en acides aminés, les apolipoprotéines A-I sans lipides se comportent en protéine non repliée de façon native. Cet état garantit la plasticité de la protéine, qui peut se déplier partiellement lorsque les lipides sont relargués et se replier lorsque les lipides sont fixés. Ces caractéristiques sont particulièrement évidentes pour le domaine N-terminal de l’apolipoprotéine A-I, le constituant principal des fibrilles amyloïdes d’apolipoprotéine A-I.

D’autres lipoprotéines, comme l’apolipoprotéine A-II, l’apolipoprotéine E (ApoE) et la protéine amyloïde sérique A (SAA), peuvent former des dépôts amyloïdes et constituent à ce titre un groupe particulier.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

Notes et références

  1. SM Marcovina, JJ Albers, H Kennedy, JV Mei, LO Henderson, WH Hannon. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry standardization project for measurements of apolipoproteins A-I and B. IV. Comparability of apolipoprotein B values by use of International Reference Material Clinical Chemistry, 1994;40:586-592
  2. Walldius G, Jungner I, Holme I, Aastveit AH, Kolar W, Steiner E. High apolipoprotein B, low apolipoprotein A-I, and improvement in the prediction of fatal myocardial infarction (AMORIS study): a prospective study. Lancet. 2001;358:2026-33
  3. INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364:937-52
  4. Apolipoprotein B in the Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease, croix-rouge de l'Idaho, 2009
  5. WA van der Steeg, SM Boekholdt, EA Stein et als. Role of the Apolipoprotein B–Apolipoprotein A-I Ratio in cardiovascular risk assessment: A case–control analysis in EPIC-Norfolk. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:640-648
  6. a et b Schipper HM. Apolipoprotein E: Implications for AD neurobiology, epidemiology and risk assessment. Neurobiology of Aging. in press
  7. GR Hsiung & AD Sadovnick (www.sciencedirect.com) Genetics and dementia: Risk factors, diagnosis, and management]. Alzheimer's and Dementia. 2007;3:418-427

Read other articles:

Church in Australia, AustraliaSt Stephen's Uniting ChurchThe sandstone facade of St Stephen's, pictured in 2019.St Stephen's Uniting ChurchLocation in the Sydney central business district33°52′02″S 151°12′43″E / 33.8673°S 151.2120°E / -33.8673; 151.2120Location197 Macquarie Street, Sydney central business district, City of Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaCountryAustraliaDenominationUniting (since 1977)Previous denominationPresbyterian (1935 –&...

 

State senator for the 34th Senatorial District of the Missouri Senate This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This biography of a living person relies too much on references to primary sources. Please help by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially lib...

 

Peter Mutharika Presiden Malawi ke-5PetahanaMulai menjabat 31 Mei 2014Wakil PresidenSaulos Chilima PendahuluJoyce BandaPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir18 Juli 1940 (umur 83)Chisoka, Thyolo, NyasalandKebangsaanMalawiPartai politikPartai Progresif DemokratisAfiliasi politiklainnyaFront Demokratis Bersatu (Sebelum 2004)Suami/istriChristophine (wafat 1991) Gertrude Maseko ​(m. 2014)​HubunganBingu wa Mutharika (kakak)Anak 3 MoyendaMahopelaCharlotte...

German actor Ferdinand MartiniFerdinand Martini (1896)Born(1870-09-01)1 September 1870Munich, GermanyDied23 December 1930(1930-12-23) (aged 60)GermanyOccupationActorYears active1920–1931 Ferdinand Martini (1 September 1870 – 23 December 1930) was a German film actor.[1] He appeared in 38 films between 1920 and 1931. He was born in Munich and died in Germany. Selected filmography The Monastery's Hunter (1920) Night of the Burglar (1921) Nathan the Wise (1922) The Favo...

 

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori messicani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Hugo Pineda Nazionalità  Messico Altezza 185 cm Peso 80 kg Calcio Ruolo Portiere Termine carriera 2003 Carriera Squadre di club1 1982-1983 Atlético Morelia1 (-?)1983-1990 Tampico Madero195 (-?)1990-1992 Leones Negros UdeG74 (-?)1992-1993 Correcaminos UAT21 (-?)1993-1994 Leones...

 

Betsy Clifford Nazionalità  Canada Altezza 162 cm Peso 57 kg Sci alpino Specialità Discesa libera, slalom gigante, slalom speciale, combinata Squadra Ottawa SC Termine carriera 1979 Palmarès Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Mondiali 1 1 0 Trofeo Vittorie Coppa del Mondo - Slalom 1 trofeo Can-Am Cup 1 trofeo Per maggiori dettagli vedi qui   Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Elizabeth Anne Clifford detta Betsy (Ottawa, 15 ottobre 1953) è un'ex sciatrice alpina canadese, ca...

Emma Laine Nazionalità  Finlandia Altezza 164 cm Peso 58 kg Tennis Termine carriera 2012 Carriera Singolare1 Vittorie/sconfitte 229-174 Titoli vinti 0 WTA (7 ITF) Miglior ranking 50ª (7 agosto 2006) Risultati nei tornei del Grande Slam  Australian Open 2T (2006)  Roland Garros 2T (2006)  Wimbledon 1T (2006)  US Open 2T (2005, 2006) Doppio1 Vittorie/sconfitte 197-113 Titoli vinti 0 WTA (29 ITF) Miglior ranking 64ª (30 ottobre 2006) Risultati nei tornei del Grande S...

 

Belaya RusBelarusian Air Force badgeActive2006 – PresentCountry BelarusBranchBelarusian Air ForceRoleAerobatic flight display teamSize6 AircraftPart of206 Flight Training CenterBaseLidaColoursRed, White, Green    Aircraft flownFighterAero L-39 AlbatrosMilitary unit Belaya Rus (Russian: Белая Русь) is an aerobatic team of the Air Force and Air Defence Forces of the Republic of Belarus which performs aerobatics from combat training Aero L-39 Albatros. The...

 

CarugatecomuneCittà di Carugate LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Lombardia Città metropolitana Milano AmministrazioneSindacoLuca Maggioni (lista civica Pro Carugate) dal 6-6-2016 TerritorioCoordinate45°33′N 9°20′E / 45.55°N 9.333333°E45.55; 9.333333 (Carugate)Coordinate: 45°33′N 9°20′E / 45.55°N 9.333333°E45.55; 9.333333 (Carugate) Altitudine149 m s.l.m. Superficie5,39 km² Abitanti15 635[1&#...

Оско́льские го́воры — говоры южнорусского наречия, распространённые в восточной части Белгородской области[1][2][3]. Являются частью межзональных говоров типа Б южного наречия наряду с елецкими и тульскими говорами, размещёнными в области взаимопересечен...

 

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Lakuna – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR LakunaAsalJakarta, IndonesiaGenrePopTahun aktif1999–2001LabelWarner Music IndonesiaMantan anggotaKrisna YuliantoBudi RahardjoAndit TjahjoAri N...

 

COVID-19 pandemic in ParaguayEquipment for responding to the pandemic, donated to Paraguay by the International Atomic Energy Agency DiseaseCOVID-19Virus strainSARS-CoV-2LocationParaguayFirst outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China (global)Guayaquil, Ecuador (local)Index caseCentral departmentArrival date7 March 2020(4 years, 4 months and 13 days)Confirmed cases735,759[1]Recovered791,239 (updated 27 June 2023) [2]Deaths19,880[1]Fatality rate2.7%Vaccinations3,993,93...

Census-designated place in California, United StatesGuernevilleCensus-designated placeDowntown area along Main StreetLocation in Sonoma County and the state of CaliforniaCoordinates: 38°30′23″N 122°59′27″W / 38.50639°N 122.99083°W / 38.50639; -122.99083Country United StatesState CaliforniaCountySonomaArea[1] • Total9.879 sq mi (25.587 km2) • Land9.709 sq mi (25.147 km2) • W...

 

Cinema ofFrance 1892–1909 1910s 1910 1911 1912 1913 19141915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920s 1920 1921 1922 1923 19241925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930s 1930 1931 1932 1933 19341935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940s 1940 1941 1942 1943 19441945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 19...

 

Religion founded in 1892 by Deguchi Nao in Japan This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Oomoto – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) OomotoNao Deguchi, Founder of OomotoTypeUniversal religionClassificationSectarian Shinto sectScript...

Puppet administration of Serbia in World War II Commissioner GovernmentPuppet government overviewFormed27 April – 1 May 1941Dissolved29 August 1941JurisdictionGerman occupied territory of SerbiaHeadquartersBelgradeMinister responsibleMilan Aćimović The Commissioner Government (Serbian: Комесарска влада, Komesarska vlada) was a short-lived Serbian collaborationist puppet government established in the German-occupied territory of Serbia within the Axis-partitione...

 

Diagram turbin aliran silang 1 — katup ventilasi udara 2 — distributor 3 — casing turbin (semua abu-abu tebal) 4 — runner 5 — casing belakang yang bisa dilepas 6 — bilah 7 — aliran air 8 — poros Turbin aliran silang (bahasa Inggris: Cross-flow turbine), juga dikenal sebagai turbin Banki (bahasa Inggris: Banki turbines)[1] adalah turbin air aliran bebas dengan tinggi terjun ketinggian sedang atau rendah.[2] Panjangnya roda air ini tergantung pada banyak ...

 

64-bit version of x86 architecture Intel 64 redirects here. For the Intel 64-bit architecture in Itanium chips, see IA-64. x64 redirects here. For the New York City bus route, see X64 (New York City bus). AMD Opteron, the first CPU to introduce the x86-64 extensions in April 2003 The five-volume set of the x86-64 Architecture Programmer's Manual, as published and distributed by AMD in 2002 x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64)[note 1] is a 64-bit version of the x86 i...

Historically, the main residence of the lord of the manor This article is about a type of historical building. For other uses, see Manor house (disambiguation). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the artic...

 

Book by Robert Recorde The passage in The Whetstone of Witte introducing the equals sign[1] The Whetstone of Witte is the shortened title of Robert Recorde's mathematics book published in 1557, the full title being The whetstone of witte, whiche is the seconde parte of Arithmetike: containyng thextraction of Rootes: The Coßike practise, with the rule of Equation: and the woorkes of Surde Nombers. The book covers topics including whole numbers, the extraction of roots and irrational n...