Wa (Japani)

Kiinalainen kirjoitusmerkki wa tai , jossa on ihmistä merkitsevä radikaali 亻 ja foneettinen osa 委

Wa (jap. , kiin. , ) on varhaisin tunnettu Japanista käytetty nimi eli kiinalainen kirjoitusmerkki. Luultavasti se esiintyy ensimmäisen kerran Shanhaijing-teoksessa, varmuudella kuitenkin Hanshu-kronikassa eli ”Han-dynastian kirjassa”, joka on kirjoitettu 1. vuosisadalla. Vastaavasti japanilaisiin viitattiin sanalla wajin (倭人).[1]

Sanaa käytettiin Kiinassa ja Koreassa viittaamaan Japaniin, mutta myös japanilaiset käyttivät sitä itsestään 600-luvulle saakka kommunikoidessaan kiinalaisten kanssa; tällaisesta käytöstä osoittavat esimerkiksi Wan viisi kuningasta (Wa no goō), jotka kutsuivat itseään ”Wan kuninkaiksi” (Wa no kokuō). Koreassa nimi on tavattu muun muassa goguryeolaisesta Gwanggaeton steelasta. Prinssi Shōtokun jälkeen japanilaiset alkoivat kutsua omaan maataan nimellä Nippon tai Nihon (日本), ja myös kiinalaiset ryhtyivät käyttämään tätä nimeä 700-luvulta alkaen.[1]

Sanan merkitys lienee vaihdellut: 200-luvun Sanguozhissa käytetyn termin on päätelty viittaavan erityisesti Länsi-Japaniin, Kyūshūn, Shikokun ja Chūgokun alueisiin. 400-luvun Songshussa sana lienee puolestaan viitannut Yamato-valtioon, jota se nyt alkoi merkitä, ja kirjoitusmerkkikin alettiin Japanissa lukea ”Yamato”.[1]

Wa-nimen etymologiasta ei ole varmuutta. Vanhastaan sen on selitetty esimerkiksi tulleen japanin itseen viittaavasta sanasta wa (吾) tai merkitsevän tottelevaista, alistuvaa henkilöä. Myöhemmin sen on päätelty tarkoittaneen ”kääpiötä, lyhyttä ja kumaraselkäistä ihmistä” muun muassa historiallisen sanakirjan Shuowen jiezi määritelmän perusteella.[1] Halventavan merkityksensä vuoksi merkki korvattiin Japanissa positiivisella, harmoniaa tarkoittavalla merkillä 和, joka lausutaan samalla tavalla.[2]

Lähteet

  1. a b c d Kotobank / ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 / 世界大百科事典 第2版 / 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ). Viitattu 2.9.2017.
  2. Henshall, Kenneth: Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945, s. 455. Scarecrow Press, 2013. ISBN 9780810878723 Teoksen verkkoversio.

Aiheesta muualla

Read other articles:

Milan Biševac Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Milan BiševacTanggal lahir 31 Agustus 1983 (umur 40)Tempat lahir Titova Mitrovica, SFR YugoslaviaTinggi 1,85 m (6 ft 1 in)Posisi bermain BekInformasi klubKlub saat ini Olympique LyonnaisNomor 15Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2001–2003 BASK 52 (5)2003 FK Sopot 15 (1)2004 Železnik 14 (1)2004–2007 Red Star Belgrade 58 (3)2007–2008 RC Lens 35 (1)2008–2011 Valenciennes 100 (4)2011–2012 Paris Saint-Germain 19 (1)2012...

 

Allium guttatum Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae Divisi: Tracheophyta Kelas: Liliopsida Ordo: Asparagales Famili: Amaryllidaceae Genus: Allium Spesies: Allium guttatum Nama binomial Allium guttatumSteven Allium guttatum adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Amaryllidaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Asparagales. Spesies Allium guttatum sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus bawang Allium.[1] Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh...

 

TünelStasiun Karaköy.InfoPemilikMunisipalitas Metropolitan IstanbulWilayahIstanbulJenisFunikularJumlah stasiun2Situs webTünel/TunnelOperasiDimulai17 Januari 1875OperatorİETTJumlah gerbong2TeknisPanjang sistem573 m (0,573 km; 0,356 mi)Lebar sepur1.435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (gauge standar) Peta rute Legenda Templat:Tünel Peta pusat Istanbul yang menampilkan rute Tünel Profil terowongan tersebut, dari Chemin de fer métropolitain de Constantinople, ou ...

كينغدوم هارتسKingdom Hearts الصورة تنتمي إلى أول جزء في السلسة النوع تقاطع (خيال)،  ولعبة فيديو الخيال العلمي  [لغات أخرى]‏،  ولعبة أكشن تقمص الأدوار،  ولعبة أكشن،  وتقطيع وذبح،  ولعبة فيديو رقصات،  ولعبة فيديو تقمص الأدوار  المطور(ون) سكوير إينيكس، جوبيت...

 

Tablet computer made by Apple (2018–2020) iPad Pro (3rd generation)Back of an 11-inch iPad ProDeveloperApple Inc.ManufacturerFoxconn (on contract)Product familyiPad ProTypeTablet computerGeneration3rdRelease dateNovember 7, 2018 (2018-11-07)Introductory price11: $79912.9: $999DiscontinuedMarch 18, 2020Operating systemOriginal: iOS 12.1 Current: iPadOS 17.4.1, released March 21, 2024[1]System on a chipApple A12X Bionic with 64-bit architecture and Apple M12 motion co-p...

 

Patrol Squadron 10VP-10 unit insigniaFounded1952; 72 years ago (1952)Allegiance United StatesBranch United States NavyTypeSquadronRoleAnti-Submarine Warfare,Anti-Surface Warfare, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance, Search and RescuePart ofUnited States NavyGarrison/HQJacksonville Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, FloridaNickname(s)Red LancersMotto(s)BLEED RED!, It never gets better!Mascot(s)RedmanDecorations2009/2018/2020 Battle E, 2020 Golden Wren...

Canadian curler Jean-Michel MénardCurlerBorn (1976-01-19) January 19, 1976 (age 48)Amos, QuebecTeamCurling clubCC Etchemin,[1] Saint-Romuald, QCSkipFélix AsselinThirdJean-Michel MénardSecondMartin CrêteLeadJean-François TrépanierCurling career Member Association QuebecBrier appearances11 (2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)World Championshipappearances1 (2006)World Mixed Championshipappearances1 (2022)Top CTRS ranking8th (2004-05) Medal re...

 

Former village in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England Human settlement in EnglandAlverthorpeBatley RoadAlverthorpeLocation within West YorkshireOS grid referenceSE310215Metropolitan boroughCity of WakefieldMetropolitan countyWest YorkshireRegionYorkshire and the HumberCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townWAKEFIELDPostcode districtWF2PoliceWest YorkshireFireWest YorkshireAmbulanceYorkshire List of places UK England Yorkshire 53°41′21″N 1°31′5...

 

Voce principale: Unione Sportiva Sambenedettese 1923. SS SambenedetteseStagione 1982-1983 Sport calcio Squadra Sambenedettese Allenatore Nedo Sonetti Presidente Ferruccio Zoboletti Serie B8º Coppa ItaliaPrimo turno Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Cagni (38) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Adami (7) StadioFratelli Ballarin 1981-1982 1983-1984 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti la Società Sportiva Sambenedettese nelle competizioni ufficial...

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati dell'Etiopia è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. IrgalemcittàAbosto, Dalle LocalizzazioneStato Etiopia RegioneNazioni, Nazionalità e Popoli del Sud Zona TerritorioCoordinate6°45′N 38°25′E / 6.75°N 38.416667°E6.75; 38.416667 (Irgalem)Coordinate: 6°45′N 38°25′E / 6.75°N 38.416667°E6.75; 38.416667 (Irgalem) Altitudine1 776 m s...

 

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento montagne della Francia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Massiccio CentraleLocalizzazione del Massiccio Centrale su una cartina della Francia.ContinenteEuropa Stati Francia Cima più elevataPuy de Sancy (1.886 m s.l.m.) Superficie85.000 km² Età della catenaPaleozoico Tipi di roccero...

 

محتوى هذه المقالة بحاجة للتحديث. فضلًا، ساعد بتحديثه ليعكس الأحداث الأخيرة وليشمل المعلومات الموثوقة المتاحة حديثًا. (ديسمبر 2020)   رئيس الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة رئيس الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة شاغل المنصب ماريا فرناندا اسبينوزا منذ 5 سبتمبر 2018 اللقب سعادة  عن ا�...

Road in South Africa National route N12Route informationLength20.4 km (12.7 mi)Existed1986–presentMajor junctionsWest end N1 Diepkloof InterchangeMajor intersections M1 Uncle Charlies Interchange M17 Xavier Street, Ridgeway M7 Kliprivier Drive, Suideroord M11 Comaro Street, Oakdene R59 Reading Interchange, Alberton R103 / M31 Voortrekker Road, Alberton N17 Elands Interchange, Germistoneast end N3 Elands Interchange, Germiston LocationCountrySouth Africa Highway...

 

Israeli association football manager Avram Grant Grant as FK Partizan coach in 2012Personal informationFull name Avraham Grant[1]Birth name Avraham Granat[2]Date of birth (1955-05-06) 6 May 1955 (age 69)[1]Place of birth Petah Tikva, IsraelManagerial careerYears Team1972–1986 Hapoel Petah Tikva (youth)1986–1991 Hapoel Petah Tikva1991–1995 Maccabi Tel Aviv1995–1996 Hapoel Haifa1996–2000 Maccabi Tel Aviv2000–2002 Maccabi Haifa2002–2006 Israel2007–200...

 

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une chanson, le Concours Eurovision de la chanson et le Royaume-Uni. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pour les articles homonymes, voir I Can. I Can Blue. Chanson de Blue au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2011 Sortie 1er mai 2011 Durée 3:01 Langue Anglais Genre pop, dance-pop Compositeur Duncan JamesLee RyanCiaron Bell, Ben Collier, Ian Hope, Liam K...

French general (1755–1825) Gabriel d'HédouvillePortrait by Jean-Baptiste Paulin GuérinBorn27 July 1755LaonDied30 March 1825(1825-03-30) (aged 69)Brétigny-sur-OrgeAllegiance Kingdom of France Kingdom of the French First French Republic First French Empire Kingdom of FranceRankgénéral de divisionBattles/wars French Revolutionary Wars Battle of Valmy Battle of Kaiserslautern Other workDiplomat Gabriel-Marie-Théodore-Joseph, comte d'Hédouville (27 July 1755 ...

 

Aspect of U.S. political history History of the Democrats redirects here. For other groups known as Democrats, see Democrat (disambiguation).For information about the current Democratic Party, including its current composition and ideology, as well as a concise history of the party, see Democratic Party (United States).The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties of the United States political system and the oldest active political party in the country as well as in the worl...

 

Tetralogy by Thomas Mann This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Joseph and His Brothers Cover of the first edition of part 4 (1943)AuthorThomas MannOriginal titleJoseph und seine BrüderLanguageGermanPublication date1933–1943Publication placeGermanyMedia...

愛知大学 大学記念館(旧本館)愛知大学 (愛知県)愛知県の地図を表示愛知大学 (日本)日本の地図を表示大学設置/創立 1946年学校種別 私立設置者 学校法人愛知大学本部所在地 愛知県名古屋市東区筒井2-10-31[1]北緯35度10分28.96秒 東経136度55分39.29秒 / 北緯35.1747111度 東経136.9275806度 / 35.1747111; 136.9275806座標: 北緯35度10分28.96秒 東経136度55分39.29秒 /...

 

British musician Jack MitchellJack Mitchell on tour with Johnny MarrBackground informationBorn (1981-04-28) 28 April 1981 (age 43)OriginWithington, Manchester, EnglandGenresRock and roll, pop, indie rockOccupationDrummerInstrument(s)Drums, percussionYears active1998–presentMember ofJohnny Marr's bandFormerly ofBad LieutenantTailgunnerMarionHavenMutineersMusical artist Jack Edward Mitchell (born 28 April 1981) is a British drummer. Part of Johnny Marr's band since 2012,[1] he h...