Välttämätön aminohappo

Histidiini on yksi ihmiselle välttämätön aminohappo. Ihmisen elimistö ei osaa valmistaa sitä, vaan se on saatava ravinnosta.

Välttämätön eli essentiaali aminohappo on aminohappo, jota eliö ei itse pysty valmistamaan muista aineista, jolloin sen on saatava sitä ravinnosta. Välttämättömien aminohappojen lista vaihtelee lajeittain. Eri eläinlajeilla lista välttämättömistä aminohapoista on erilainen ja tarve täytyy huomioida rehujen valmistuksessa.[1][2][3]

Raja välttämättömän ja ei-välttämättömän aminohapon välillä voi olla epäselvä, koska elimistö voi valmistaa aminohappoja toisista aminohapoista. Rikkipitoisia aminohappoja metioniinia ja homokysteiiniä voidaan valmistaa toisistaan mutta ei yksinkertaisemmista aineista. Samoin kysteiiniä voidaan valmistaa homokysteiinistä, mutta ei yksinkertaisemmista aineista. Niinpä rikkipitoisia aminohappoja käsitellään toisinaan yhtenä ryhmänä.

Ihmisen tarvitsemia aminohappoja on 20, joista 11 elimistö kykenee itse valmistamaan. Yhdeksän välttämätöntä aminohappoa on saatava ravinnosta: histidiini, tryptofaani, lysiini, metioniini, fenyylialaniini, treoniini, valiini, leusiini, isoleusiini.[4] Vaikkapa kotikissa taas tarvitsee näiden yhdeksän lisäksi ravinnossaan arginiinia ja tauriinia – syy miksi kissa ei lihansyöjänä pärjää luontaisella kasvisravinnolla.[5]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Rehujen koostumustietojen ja ruokintasuositusten päivitystarpeet (PDF) (sianrehun välttämättömät aminohapot, lysiini, treoniini, metioniini+kystiini, tryptofaani, mahdollisesti valiini) Sikojen rehuarvojärjestelmän uudistaminen. 2013. MTT. Viitattu 9.11.2014.
  2. ↑ Valkuainen (Hevoselle tärkeimmät välttämättömät aminohapot ovat lysiini ja metioniini.) racing.fi. Arkistoitu 9.11.2014. Viitattu 9.11.2014.
  3. ↑ Munivan kanan valkuaisruokinta Farmit. Arkistoitu 9.11.2014. Viitattu 9.11.2014.
  4. ↑ Antti Aro: Proteiinit ja aminohapot Terveyskirjasto. 2013. Duodecim. Arkistoitu 9.11.2014. Viitattu 9.11.2014.
  5. ↑ Kissan ruokinnasta - Koirakissaklinikka Koirakissaklinikka. 14.5.2015. Viitattu 6.7.2018.

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