San Joaquin Valley

San Joaquin Valleyn sijainti Kalifornian Keskuslaaksossa.

San Joaquin Valley on pitkä ja laakea laakso Yhdysvalloissa Kalifornian osavaltiossa.[1][2] Se sijaitsee Keskuslaakson eteläosassa ja käsittää sen pinta-alasta noin kolme viidesosaa.[3] Laaksoa reunustaa Kalifornian rannikkovuoristo lännessä, San Emigdion vuoret lounaassa, Tehachapivuoret kaakossa ja Sierra Nevadan vuoristo idässä.[1][4] Sacramento Valleyn vastainen pohjoisraja kulkee Mokelumnejokea pitkin Jacksonista Suisun Bayhyn.[4]

Laakson vedet virtaavat mereen pääosin San Joaquin -jokea pitkin.[1] Sen eteläosissa sijaitseva Tularejärvi oli vielä 1800-luvulla Mississippin länsipuolisten alueiden suurin järvi, joka laski vetensä San Joaquinin vesistöön. Vuoden 1878 jälkeen vettä on ohjattu järvestä peltojen kasteluun niin paljon, että se on kuivunut olemattomiin ja yhteys San Joaquiniin on kadonnut.[5]

San Joaquin Valleyn peltoja.

Laakso on Yhdysvaltojen tuottoisimpia viljelysalueita; maanviljelyä harjoitetaan osittain keinokastelun varassa.[1] Tärkeitä viljelykasveja ovat muun muassa puuvilla, parsa, mantelit, pistaasit, appelsiinit, persikat, valkosipuli, mandariinit, tomaatit, kiivit, heinä, sinimailanen, rusinat ja viini. Viinitarhoja on 61 000 hehtaarin alalla, minkä ansiosta laakso on Kalifornian ylivoimaisesti suurin viinintuotantoalue.[6]

San Joaquin Valleyssä elää arviolta 4,3 miljoonaa ihmistä (2020) eli noin 11 prosenttia koko Kalifornian väestöstä, ja se ulottuu seuraavien piirikuntien alueelle (pohjoisesta etelään): San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Tulare, Kings ja Kern.[7] Suurimpia kaupunkeja ovat Fresno, Stockton ja Modesto.[4][8]

Laakso on yksi keskeisistä tapahtumapaikoista kalifornialaisen John Steinbeckin romaanissa Vihan hedelmät.[1]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d e San Joaquin Valley Encyclopaedia Britannica. Viitattu 8.9.2022.
  2. ↑ San Joaquin Valley WorldAtlas. Viitattu 10.9.2022.
  3. ↑ Central Valley Encyclopaedia Britannica. Viitattu 8.9.2022.
  4. ↑ a b c San Joaquin Valley (Lähteenä on käytetty myös sivulla olevaa interaktiivista karttaa, johon on merkitty laakson rajat.) Geographic Names Information System. U.S. Geological Survey. Viitattu 8.9.2022. (englanniksi)
  5. ↑ Tulare Lake was once considered largest body of water west of Mississippi The Sarah A. Mooney Memorial Museum. Viitattu 9.9.2022.
  6. ↑ San Joaquin Valley Discover California Wines. Wine Institute. Viitattu 8.9.2022. (englanniksi)
  7. ↑ 2020 Census: Counting the San Joaquin Valley Public Policy Institute of California. Viitattu 8.9.2022.
  8. ↑ California Central Valley American Museum of Natural History. Viitattu 8.9.2022.
Kalifornian lippu
Kalifornian osavaltio
Alueet
Kaupungit (suurimmat)
Piirikunnat

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