Said pašša

Said pašša Nadarin valokuvaamana vuonna 1855.

Muhammad Said pašša[1] (1822 Kairo – 18. tammikuuta 1863 Aleksandria)[2] oli Egyptiä vuosina 1854–1863 hallinnut käskynhaltija.

Elämäkerta

Said oli sukudynastian perustaneen Muhammad Alin neljäs poika. Hän sai kansainvälisen kasvatuksen ja joutui jo lapsena läheisiin kosketuksiin erityisesti ranskalaisten kanssa. Isänsä valtakaudella hänestä tuli laivaston komentaja, minkä aseman hän säilytti myös veljenpoikansa Abbas I:n kaudella 1848–1854. Said tuli varakuninkaaksi Abbasin kuoltua 13. heinäkuuta 1854.[2][1]

Said sääti useita lakeja, jotka muuttivat Egyptin perinteisiä maanomistusoloja. Vuonna 1855 säädetty laki antoi talonpoikien pojille perimysoikeuden isänsä maahan. Toinen laki vuodelta 1858 antoi vain muslimeille oikeuden periä maata, mutta määräsi samalla, että veroa maksavat talonpojat saisivat viiden vuoden jälkeen omistusoikeuden viljelemäänsä maahan. Samalla kyläpäälliköt menettivät perinteisen oikeutensa maiden uudelleenjakoon ja kylien kollektiivinen verotus korvattiin henkilökohtaisella verotuksella. Said yritti myös puuttua orjakauppaan kieltämällä orjien tuonnin Sudanista.[2]

Said tutustui jo lapsena Ranskan konsulina Egyptissä toimineeseen insinööri Ferdinand de Lessepsiin. Ystävyys osoittautui myöhemmin merkittäväksi, kun Said 1856 myönsi Lessepsin johtamalle ranskalaiselle yhtiölle oikeuden Suezin kanavan rakentamiseen. Myöhemmin sekä Said että Turkin sulttaani kuitenkin kääntyivät vastustamaan kanavan rakentamista, joten hänen valtakautensa viimeisinä vuosina ranskalaiset jatkoivat rakennustöitä ilman lupia.[2] Saidin kuoltua hänen seuraajakseen tuli hänen veljenpoikansa Ismail pašša.[1]

Suezin kanavan Välimeren puoleisella suulla sijaitseva Port Saidin satamakaupunki on nimetty Saidin mukaan.[3]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Nordisk familjebok (1916), s. 357–358 (ruotsiksi) Runeberg.org. Viitattu 25.1.2014.
  2. ↑ a b c d Saʿīd Pasha (englanniksi) Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Viitattu 25.1.2014.
  3. ↑ Port Said (englanniksi) Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Viitattu 25.1.2014.

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