Río Muni

Río Munin kartta

Río Muni (fangiksi Mbini) on Päiväntasaajan Guinean manneralue. Sen pinta-ala on 26 000 neliökilometriä, ja se käsittää 93 % Päiväntasaajan Guinean kokonaispinta-alasta. Río Munissa on noin 300 000 asukasta.

Río Muni sijaitsee Gabonin ja Kamerunin välissä. Siihen kuuluu manneralueen lisäksi muutama mantereen edustan saari, kuten Elobey Chico, Elobey Grande ja Corisco.[1] Maa on suurimmaksi osaksi mangroverämeiden ja sademetsien peitossa. Río Munin korkein kohta on eteläreunalla sijaitseva Mitravuori (1 200 metriä merenpinnasta). Río Munin maaperä on hedelmätöntä, ja sen tärkein luonnonvara on sademetsät. Alueen tärkein joki on Mbini-joki (tunnetaan myös nimillä Benito tai Woleu), joka virtaa alueen läpi idästä länteen. Etelärajalla oleva Muni-joki ei oikeastaan ole joki, vaan estuaari, johon useat joet laskevat. Näihin jokiin kuuluu muun muassa Utanboni. Río Munin tärkein kaupunki on Bata. Alueella ei ole luonnonsatamaa, mutta Batan satamaa parannettiin 1980-luvulla.

Río Munin väestö on suurimmaksi osaksi fangeja. He puhuvat erästä bantukieltä. Ennen fangeja alueella asui pygmejä, joita seurasivat bubit. Bubeja seurasivat useat muut bantuheimojen muuttoaallot, joista viimeinen oli fangien muutto alueelle 1800-luvulla.

Espanja sai nykyisin Päiväntasaajan Guinealle kuuluvan Biokon saaren Portugalilta vuonna 1778. Espanjalaiset alkoivat hankkia jalansijaa mantereelta 1800-luvulta, mutta fangit vastustivat ankarasti espanjalaisten valtaa. Vuonna 1856 espanjalaisten oikeudet Río Muniin vahvistettiin

Vuosina 1946-1959 Rio Muni oli virallisesti Espanjan provinssi kun sen asema siirtokunnasta muuttui. Vuosina 1960–1968 Espanja yritti pitää maakunnan Espanjan maakuntana mikä epäonnistui guinealaisten jatkuvan siirtomaavastaisen toiminnan vuoksi. Espanja myönsi 12. lokakuuta 1968 alueelle itsenäisyyden.[2]

Lähteet

Viitteet

  1. ↑ Maailma nyt
  2. ↑ Campos, Alicia. "The decolonization of Equatorial Guinea: the relevance of the international factor", Journal of African History (2003): 95–116.

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