Päiväntasaajan Guinean historia

Päiväntasaajan Guinean historia kertoo Päiväntasaajan Guinean historiasta. Maan sisäosissa Rio Munin seudulla asui metsästäjä-keräilijöinä elänyttä väestöä jo tuhansia vuosia sitten ja heidän jäljiltään Päiväntasaajan Guineassa on bayelekansaa. Myös Coriscon saarella oli asutusta 2000 vuotta sitten. Myöhemmin maahan saapui bantuja. Frangkansa, johon kuuluu suurin osa maan nykyisestä väestöstä, valloitti Rio Munin 1800-luvulla. Biokon saari asutettiin tiedettävästi 500-luvulla, jolloin ihmisiä todennäköisesti tuli pienissä ryhmissä. Coriscon saari autioitui 1400-luvulla, mutta saari asutettiin uudestaan 1700-luvulla bengakansan toimesta. Portugalilaisia merenkulkijoita tuli maan rannikolle ensimmäisen kerran 1470-luvulla. Päiväntasaajan Guinea oli Portugalin hallinnossa 1778 saakka, jolloin Portugal luovutti Biokon ja Annobónin saaret sekä Rio Munin alueen Espanjalle. Espanjalaisilla oli Biokossa siirtokunta, jonka he jättivät pian keltakuumeen vuoksi. Isolla-Britannialla oli laivastotukikohta Biokossa 1800-luvun alussa, minne tuotiin vapautettuja orjia ja siirtolaisia Sierra Leonesta. Espanjalaiset toivat tälle saarelle 1880-luvulla Kuubasta vankeja. 1800-luvun lopulla Biokossa alettiin vijellä kaakoata, josta tuli 1900-luvulla tärkeä kauppatavara. Lisäksi maassa tuotettiin 1900-luvulla kahvia ja puuta, joiden tuotannossa paikallisväestöä laitettiin pakkotyöhön. 1963 Päiväntasaajan Guineasta tuli itsehallinnollinen alue ja se itsenäistyi 1968. Maan ensimmäinen presidentti johti maata hirmuvaltiaan tavoin. Hänen veljenpoikansa kaappasi vallan 1979.[1] Ensimmäinen presidenntti kuului fangiheimon mongomoklaaniin.[2]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Päiväntasaajan Guinea Globalis. 28.11.2022. Suomen YK-liitto. Arkistoitu 7.7.2023. Viitattu 7.7.2023.
  2. ↑ Ray Hudson: Geographica, maailmankartasto, maanosat, maat, kansat, s. 333. Suomentanut Jorma Harju, Outi Kaskinen, Janne Kostamo, Mikko Lantz, Olli Ruth, Heikki Seppä, Mika Tammilehto, Allan Tiitta, Matti Tikkanen, Sanna Vaalgamaa. H.F.Ullmann, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8331-4130-0
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