Paroni von Münchhausen

Paroni von Münchhausen
August von Wille, Münchhausen ratsastaa kanuunankuulalla, 1872.

Karl Friedrich Hieronymus von Münchhausen (11. toukokuuta 1720 – 22. helmikuuta 1797) oli saksalainen, Hannoverissa syntynyt vapaaherra, joka sepitti mielellään liioiteltuja kertomuksia sotamuistoistaan.

Rudolf Erich Raspe (1737–1794) kirjoitti tarinoista kirjan Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia, (tunnetaan myös nimellä The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen) ja se julkaistiin Lontoossa 1785. Osa materiaalista tuli paronin kertomuksista, osan Raspe lainasi muista lähteistä. Paroni itse ei ollut mielissään siitä, että Raspen kirja teki hänestä kuuluisan valehtelijan (saks. Lügerbaron, suom. valehtelijaparoni). Paronin kuoleman jälkeen lähes unohdettiin, että hän oli ollut oikea henkilö.

Dorén karikatyyri Münchhausenista.

Münchhausen kertoi tarinoissaan muun muassa lentäneensä tykinkuulalla, käyneensä kuussa kuumailmapallolla, vetäneen itsensä omista hiuksistaan ylös suosta sekä saaneensa sormuksen, joka tekee hänestä näkymättömän.

Suomeksi tarinat ilmestyivät ensimmäisen kerran vuonna 1856 nimellä Parooni Mynkhausin kummalliset matkat ja retket maalla ja merellä. Tarinat on käännetty ja julkaistu sittemmin monta kertaa uudelleen, muun muassa Samuli Suomalaisen suomennos Parooni von Münchhausenin retket ja seikkailut (1903).

Elokuvat

Josef von Báky ohjasi vuonna 1943 tarinoista elokuvan Münchhausen. Vuonna 1988 Terry Gilliam ohjasi elokuvan Paroni von Münchhausenin seikkailut.

Paronin mukaan on nimetty sairaus, Münchhausenin oireyhtymä, josta kärsivät teeskentelevät sairastavansa tauteja saadakseen huomiota ja hoitoa.

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