Oskar Becker

Oscar Becker (5. syyskuuta 1889 Leipzig, Saksa – 13. marraskuuta 1964 Bonn, Länsi-Saksa) oli saksalainen filosofi, loogikko, matemaatikko ja matematiikan historioitsija. Becker opiskeli matematiikkaa Leipzigin yliopistossa. Hänen väitöskirjansa (1914) ohjasivat Otto Hölder ja Karl Rohn.

Becker palveli armeijassa ensimmäisessä maailmansodassa, ja palasi opiskelemaan filosofiaa Edmund Husserlin oppilaana. Hänen habilitaatioväitöksensä (1923) käsitteli geometrian fenomenologisia perusteita ja näiden fysikaalisia sovellutuksia. Becker toimi Husserlin apulaisena ja toimitti Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung -vuosikirjaa.

Beckerin pääteos on Mathematische Existenz, joka ilmestyi vuosikirjassa vuonna 1927. Becker hyödynsi sekä Husserlin fenomenologiaa että Martin Heideggerin hermeneutiikkaa. Hänen ajatuksiaan kritisoivat sekä uuskantilaiset että valtavirran rationalistiset loogikot. Beckerin teosten vaikutus myöhempään keskusteluun matematiikan perustasta on jäänyt pieneksi.

Beckerin oppilaita ovat olleet mm. Jürgen Habermas ja Hans Sluga.

Teoksia

  • Ueber die Zerlegung eines Polygons in exclusive Dreiecke auf Grund der ebenen Axiome der Verknuepfung und Anordnung (1914)
  • "Beitraege zur phaenomenologische Begruendung der Geometrie und ihre physikalischen Anwendungen", julkaisussa Jahrbuch fuer Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung, IV (1923), ss. 493-560
  • "Mathematische Existenz. Untersuchungen zur Logik und Ontologie mathematischer Phänomene", julkaisussa Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung, Bd. VIII (1927), ss. 440-809
  • "Zur Logik der Modalitäten", julkaisussa Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung, Bd. XI (1930), ss. 497-548
  • "Die Philosophie Edmund Husserl's", julkaisussa Kant-Studien vol. 35 (1930), ss. 119-150.
  • Eudoxus-Studien:
    • ”I: Eine voreudoxische Proportionenlehre und ihre Spuren bei Aristoteles und Euklid”, Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik, Astronomie und Phyik B. II (1933), 311-330.
    • ”II: Warum haben die Griechen die Existenz der vierten Proportionale angenommen” 369-387
    • ”III: Spuren eines Stetigkeitsaxioms in der Art des Dedekindschen zur Zeir des Eudoxos”, vol. 3 (1936) 236-244
    • ”IV: Das Prinzip des ausgeschlossenen Dritten in der griechischen Mathematik”, 370-388
    • ”V: Die eudoxische Lehre von den Ideen und den Farben”, 3 (1936) 389-410.
  • Grundlagen der Mathematik in geschichtlicher Entwicklung (1954)
  • Dasein und Dawesen. Gesammelte philosophische Aufsätze (1963)
  • Kirjeet Hermann Weylille, teoksessa Mancosu, Paolo ja Ryckman, T. A.: “Mathematics and Phenomenology: The Correspondence between O. Becker and H. Weyl,” Philosophia Mathematica, 3d Series, vol. 10 (2002) ss. 174-194.
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