Neoliittinen Anatolia

Neoliittinen kausi Anatoliassa on kulttuurin aikakausi, joka alkoi neoliittisen kauden määritelmän mukaan maanviljelyn levitessä Anatoliaan eli nykyisen Turkin alueelle noin 8000 eaa. alkaen. Eteläiseen Anatoliaan syntyi monia maanviljelyyn ja karjanhoitoon perustuvia kyliä, joissa oli savitiilistä rakennettuja taloja.[1] Anatoliasta vietiin jo neoliittisella ajalla obsidiaania työkalujen raaka-aineeksi muualle Lähi-itään.[2]

Arkeologien tuntemia neoliittisen Anatolian löytöpaikkoja ovat muun muassa Göbekli Tepe, Nevali Cori, Catal Höyük, Hacilar, Can Hasan , Aşıklı Höyük, Pinarbasi, Köşk Höyük, Tepecik-Çiftlik ja Cayönu. Anatoliasta ei ole löytynyt varsinaisia linnoituksia varhaiselta neoliittiselta kaudelta, mutta talot rakennettiin vieri viereen jolloin ne muodostivat helposti puolustettavan rakenteen. Niissä ei ollut ovea, vaan sisään käytiin tikkailla katon kautta.[1]

Aikajako

Keski-Anatolian neoliittinen kulttuuri jaetaan nykyään yleensä näin:[3]
Kausi Levantin kausi kalenterivuotta eaa Löytöpaikkoja
ECA I Epipaleoliitti/PPNA-PPNB n 10600 ?- n.9000 Pinarbasin kallionsuoja, epipaleoliittinen
ECA II E/MPPNB-LPPNB n. 9000- n. 7000 Itäisen Catalhyukin alku, Pinarbasi A
ECA III LPPNB-PPNC-LN n. 7000-6000 Itäinen Catalhyuyk
ECA IV Varhainen kalkoliitti n. 6000-5500 Läntinen Catalhyuk
ECA V Keskimmäinen kalkoliitti 4400 - 4000


Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b III. Neolithic Age – New Stone Age (8.000–5.500 BCE ) (Travels around Asia Minor 1976-2002) Ancient Anatolia. Viitattu 13.3.2013.
  2. ↑ The Neolithic In Anatolia: A Review Of The Archaeological Data Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
  3. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eleni_Asouti/publication/267096972_Beyond_the_PPNB_interaction_sphere/links/54453bd10cf2f14fb80ef76a/Beyond-the-PPNB-interaction-sphere.pdf Beyond the PPNB interaction sphere January 2006 Journal of World Prehistory 20:87-126

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