Munikhia

Tämä artikkeli käsittelee kaupunginosaa. Munikhia oli myös juhla.
Munikhia
Μουνιχία
Antiikin Pireuksen kartta, Munikhian kukkula merkitty kirjaimella D ja satama kirjaimella E.
Antiikin Pireuksen kartta, Munikhian kukkula merkitty kirjaimella D ja satama kirjaimella E.
Sijainti

Munikhia
Koordinaatit 37°56′20″N, 23°39′29″E
Valtio Kreikka
Paikkakunta Pireus, Attika
Historia
Tyyppi linnoitus ja satama
Kulttuuri antiikki
Alue Attika
Kaupunki Ateena

Munikhia (m.kreik. Μουνιχία, Mūnikhia tai Mounikhia, lat. Munichia) tai Munykhia (m.kreik. Μουνυχία, Mūnykhia tai Mounykhia, lat. Munychia) oli antiikin aikainen linnoitettu kukkula ja luonnonsatama Pireuksessa Kreikassa. Sen satama oli yksi antiikin Pireuksen satamista ja antiikin Ateenan sotasatamia. Sama satamalahti on myös nykyisin venesatamana, joka tunnetaan nimellä Mikrolímano.[1][2][3] Se sijaitsee Fálironlahden rannalla Pireuksen niemen itäosassa. Munikhian kukkula puolestaan tunnetaan nykyisin nimellä Kastélla sekä Profítis Ilías siellä olevan kirkon mukaan.[4]

Munikhian kukkula eli nykyinen Kastéllan kukkula.
Munikhian satamalahti eli nykyinen Mikrolímano.

Munikhia sijaitsi Pireuksen koilliskulmassa. Munikhian kukkulan korkeus oli noin 87 metriä.[2] Se oli Pireuksen varhaisin asuttu alue, ja siellä oli asutus ja linnoitus jo helladisella kaudella.[5][6] Antiikin aikana Munikhiaa linnoitettiin tyranni Hippiaan aikana vuosina 527–510 eaa.[1][7] Myöhemmin se kuului Pireuksen muurien ympäröimään alueeseen.[2]

Munikhian satama oli yksi antiikin Pireuksen ja Ateenan satamista Kantharoksen ja Zean satamien ohella. Se toimi Zean tavoin sotasatamana, mutta oli tätä pienempi. Satamassa kerrotaan olleen 82 laivasuojaa sotalaivoja varten. Munikhiassa sijaitsi Artemis Munikhian temppeli, joka oli yksi Pireuksen merkittävimmistä, ja siihen liittyi Munikhia-juhla. Munikhian kukkulan laella oli Bendiksen temppeli, johon liittyi puolestaan Bendideia-juhla, ja kukkulan länsirinteessä Pireuksen suurempi ja vanhempi teatteri, joka edelsi Zean sataman lähellä sijainnutta Zean teatteria.[1][2] Zean sataman paikka sijaitsee noin kilometrin länteen Munikhian sataman paikasta ja nykyisestä Mikrolímanosta.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Stillwell, Richard & MacDonald, William L. & McAllister, Marian Holland (toim.): ”Peiraeus, Attica”, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1976. Teoksen verkkoversio. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ a b c d Castrén, Paavo & Pietilä-Castrén, Leena: ”Munikhia”, Antiikin käsikirja, s. 353. Helsinki: Otava, 2000. ISBN 951-1-12387-4
  3. ↑ Satamalahden sijainti: 37°56′15″N, 23°39′37″E
  4. ↑ Kukkulan sijainti: 37°56′25″N, 23°39′21″E
  5. ↑ Προϊστορικοί Χρόνοι Δήμος Πειραιά. Viitattu 20.3.2017.[vanhentunut linkki]
  6. ↑ History Destination Piraeus. Arkistoitu 2.3.2017. Viitattu 20.3.2017.
  7. ↑ Piraeus (Site) Perseus. Viitattu 20.3.2017.

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