Muistipiiri

Muistityypit
Haihtuvat muistityypit
Haihtumattomat muistityypit

Muistipiiri (puolijohdemuisti) on elektroninen mikropiiri, jolla on kyky tallentaa tietoa eli kyky toimia tietokoneen muistina. Muistipiiri voi olla lukumuisti (ROM) tai hajasaantimuisti (RAM). Piirit valmistetaan puolijohteista.

Muistit voivat olla haihtuvaa muistia, jolloin tiedot katoavat kun tietokoneesta katkaistaan virta, tai haihtumatonta muistia, jolloin tiedot säilyvät.[1] Haihtuvan muistin etuna on nopeus, joka soveltuu välittömään datan käsittelyyn.[1] Haihtumaton on hitaampaa mutta pitkäaikaiseen säilömiseen soveltuvaa.[1] Molempien etuja yhdistäviä ratkaisuja on esitelty kuten MRAM ja FeRAM.[1]

Muistipiirien tyyppejä:[2]

  • PROM
  • EPROM
  • EEPROM
  • DRAM
  • SRAM
  • SDRAM
  • FRAM
  • MRAM

DRAM-muistipiireistä kootaan piirilevylle muistimoduuleita eli muistikampoja, jotka liitetään tietokoneen emolevylle. Näiden yleisimmät tyypit ovat vanhempi SIMM ja uudempi DIMM. SRAM on mikropiirille integroitavaa muistia.

Flash-muistipiirit ovat yleensä asennettua muistikorteille, joita käytetään erilaisissa laitteissa ja jotka voidaan kytkeä tietokoneeseen erityiseen asemaan. Suoraan tietokoneen USB-väylään kytkettäväksi flash-muistipiirit on puolestaan asennettu ns. USB-muistille eli muistitikulle.

Mostek-yhtiön muistipiiri vaikutti myöhempiin muistipiireihin tavalla, jolla piirille kerrotaan valittu muistiosoite (rivi ja sarake): Mostekin piirille tiedot kerrottiin peräjälkeen eikä yhtäaikaisesti kuten kilpailijoilla, joka teki piiristä halvemman valmistaa kapasiteetin kasvaessa.[3]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d Robbie Harb: Brit brainiacs say they've cracked non-volatile RAM that uses 100 times less power theregister.co.uk. 27.1.2020. Viitattu 27.1.2020. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Semiconductor Memory Technologies and Types radio-electronics.com. Viitattu 4.10.2017.
  3. ↑ Chip Hall of Fame: Mostek MK4096 4-Kilobit DRAM spectrum.ieee.org. 30.6.2017. Viitattu 20.1.2020. (englanniksi)
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