Mezzotinto

Mezzotinto (ital. mezzo puoli ja tinto väri) on taidegrafiikan syväpainomenetelmä. Mezzotintoksi kutsutaan myös tällä menetelmällä tehtyä teosta. Mezzotinton jälki on sävykäs ja samettinen, eikä siinä erotu erillisiä viivoja.[1][2]

Mezzotinton keksi noin vuonna 1640 saksalainen sotilas ja amatööritaiteilija Ludwig von Siegen. Menetelmä levisi nopeasti Alankomaihin ja Englantiin, jossa sitä kehitettiin edelleen ja otettiin käyttöön myös värit. Englannissa mezzotintoa käytettiin erityisesti 1700-luvulla muotokuvien jäljentämiseen. Mezzotintotekniikan käyttö väheni jyrkästi ja käytännössä loppui kopiointimenetelmänä, kun valokuvaus kehittyi 1800-luvun loppupuolella, mutta edelleen sitä käytetään taidegrafiikassa.[1][2]

Mezzotintossa metallilaatta (yleensä kuparia) karhennetaan rouhinraudalla tasaisen rakeiseksi, jolloin siihen jää vieri viereen pieniä syvennyksiä ja niiden reunoille koholla olevia kierteitä. Vaikutelma muistuttaa hiekkapaperin pintaa. Kuva tehdään kalvimella, joka poistaa rouhittaessa kierteet halutussa määrin. Näin saadaan aikaan sävyeroja. Karhea kierteinen pinta tuottaa syvän mustat sävyt, mutta mitä hiotumpi pinta on, sen vaaleampia sävyjä vedostuksessa syntyy. Huippuvalot saadaan aikaan kiillotusraudalla ja viimeistely kaivertimella, neulalla tai syövyttämällä. Laatta vedostetaan kuparipainopuristimella. Hyvälaatuisten vedosten määrä jää mezzotintossa melko pieneksi.[1][2]

Galleria

  • Ludwig von Siegen: Amalie Elisabeth von Hanau-Münzenberg, 1643. Ensimmäinen tunnettu mezzotinto.
    Ludwig von Siegen: Amalie Elisabeth von Hanau-Münzenberg, 1643. Ensimmäinen tunnettu mezzotinto.
  • Oliivi, värimezzotinto, n. 1741.
    Oliivi, värimezzotinto, n. 1741.
  • Thomas Frye: Englannin kuningatar Charlotte, 1762
    Thomas Frye: Englannin kuningatar Charlotte, 1762
  • William Ward Richard Morton Payerin mukaan: Lapset heittävät lumipalloja, 1785.
    William Ward Richard Morton Payerin mukaan: Lapset heittävät lumipalloja, 1785.
  • William Sartain: Edgar Allan Poen muotokuva, 1896
    William Sartain: Edgar Allan Poen muotokuva, 1896

Lähteet

  • Kämäräinen, Aki et al. (toim.): Suomen ja maailman taide - Hakemisto, Sanasto. WSOY, 1986. ISBN 951-0-10729-8

Viitteet

  1. ↑ a b c Taidehistoria:mezzotinto Tieteen termipankki. Viitattu 17.3.2021.
  2. ↑ a b c Kämäräinen et al. 1986, s. 117

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