Marinointi

Miekkakalapihvi oliiviöljyä, sitruunamehua, paprikaa ja minttua sisältävässä marinadissa.

Marinointi on ruoankäsittelytapa, jossa ruoan raaka-aine, kuten liha, riista, kala tai kasvikset, maustetaan pitämällä sitä hieman happamassa mausteliemessä eli marinadissa. Marinadin ainesosia voivat olla esimerkiksi viini, olut, vesi, viinietikka, ruokaöljy, sipuli ja mausteet.[1] Paras marinointikeino on laittaa marinoitava aines ja marinadi suljettuun pussiin, joka laitetaan jääkaappiin. Marinointiaika kestää muutamasta tunnista vuorokauteen. Marinoitavaa ainesta täytyy välillä käännellä.[2]

Lihaa marinoitaessa marinoinnin kestolla voidaan vaikuttaa lopputulokseen. Lyhytkestoinen, tunnin tai parin, marinointi lähinnä maustaa lihaa, kun taas pitkäkestoinen, yleensä vähintään vuorokauden mittainen marinointi öljypohjaisessa marinadissa myös mureuttaa lihaa. Lihan mureutumiseen tarvitaan aika, jonka kuluttua lihassa olevat entsyymit rikkovat proteiinien rakenteita. Marinadin mureuttava vaikutus perustuu sen happamuuteen. Marinadin mureuttamisen merkitys riippuu siitä, millaista käytetty liha on. Niska- ja kylkiliha on kypsennettävä kauan marinoimisesta huolimatta, kun taas jotkut naudan ruhon osat mureutuvat jo raakakypsytyksessä, joten niiden osalta marinadin mureuttavalla vaikutusella ei ole merkitystä.[3]

1990- ja 2000-lukujen aikana markkinoille on tullut erilaisia valmiiksi marinoituja liha-, kala- ja kanatuotteita, niin kutsuttuja puolivalmisteita, joita käytettäessä marinoinnin vaatima aika jää pois ja varsinainen ruoanlaittoaika lyhenee. Näitä valmiita marinointituotteita ovat makeat chilikastikkeet, barbeque-kastikkeet ja pestot.[4]

Sana marinointi (< ransk. marinade < lat. marinus, 'merta koskeva') tarkoittaa alun perin ruoka-aineitten käsittelyä niin, että ne säilyvät purjelaivoilla pitkillä merimatkoilla. Aikoinaan ennen jääkappeja ja pakastimia ainoa keino oli joko suolata tai marinoida ruokatarvikkeet.


Lähteet

  1. ↑ Kaarina Turtia: Gastronomian sanakirja, s. 334. Otava, 2009. ISBN 978-951-1-18546-8
  2. ↑ Marinadiohjeet lihalle, kanalle ja kalalle Yhteishyvä. S-ryhmä.fi. Viitattu 24.5.2024.
  3. ↑ Lihan marinointi-lyhytoppimäärä 8.7.2025. Hk koekeittiö. Viitattu 24.5.2024.[vanhentunut linkki]
  4. ↑ Mikä marinadi lihalle, kalalle ja kasviksille 13.5.2013. Kesko. Viitattu 24.5.2024.

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