Lorenzo de’ Medici (Urbinon herttua)

Urbinon herttua Lorenzo de’ Medici, Rafaelin maalaama muotokuva vuosilta 1516–1519.

Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medici, Urbinon herttua (12. syyskuuta 1492 Firenze – 4. toukokuuta 1519 Firenze) oli Medicin sukuun kuulunut italialainen mahtimies, joka oli Firenzen hallitsija vuosina 1513–1519.[1] Hän oli Ranskan kuningatar Katariina de’ Medicin ja Firenzen herttua Alessandro de’ Medicin isä.

Elämänvaiheet

Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medicin isoisä Lorenzo de’ Medici (”Lorenzo Suurenmoinen”) ja isä Piero di Lorenzo de’ Medici olivat molemmat vuorollaan Firenzen johtajia, mutta isä Piero joutui vuonna 1494 kansannousun syrjäyttämäksi ja eli sen jälkeen maanpaossa.[1][2] Lorenzon äiti oli Alfonsina Orsini.[3]

Vuonna 1512 Espanjan tukema Pyhä liiga kukisti Firenzen tasavallan ja palautti Medicit valtaan Firenzessä.[1] Firenzen johtoon tuli aluksi Lorenzon setä Giuliano de’ Medici, joka tukeutui veljeensä Giovanniin. Kun Giovanni vuonna 1513 valittiin paaviksi nimellä Leo X, heikoksi jäänyt Giuliano joutui luovuttamaan valtansa elokuussa 1513 nuorelle veljenpojalleen Lorenzolle. Firenzen johtajana Lorenzo halusi kasvattaa valtaansa, jota rajoittivat tasavallan ajan instituutiot ja paavin sekaantuminen Firenzen asioihin.[1][2] Vuonna 1516 Leo X antoi Lorenzolle Francesco Maria I della Roverelta riistämänsä Urbinon herttuakunnan. Francesco Maria yritti ottaa sen seuraavana vuonna takaisin, mikä johti sotaan. Lorenzo haavoittui taistelussa sodan aikana.[1]

Lorenzo nai vuonna 1517 ranskalaisen aatelisnaisen Madeleine de la Tour d’Auvergnen. Heille syntyi yksi tytär, Katariina (Caterina), josta tuli myöhemmin Ranskan kuningas Henrik II:n puoliso.[1][2] Lisäksi Lorenzolla oli yhdessä mustan palvelijattaren kanssa yksi avioton poika, Alessandro de’ Medici, josta tuli myöhemmin ensimmäinen Firenzen herttua.[2] Lorenzo kuoli vuonna 1519 vain 26-vuotiaana sairauksien riuduttamana.[1][2] Hänen vaimonsa Madeleine oli kuollut vain viisi päivää aiemmin lapsivuodekuumeeseen.[4] Lorenzon seuraajaksi Firenzen johdossa tuli hänen sukulaisensa Giulio de’ Medici, myöhempi paavi Klemens VII.[2]

Muuta

Michelangelon toteuttama Lorenzo de’ Medicin hauta San Lorenzon kirkossa.

Poliittinen filosofi Niccolò Machiavelli omisti pääteoksensa Ruhtinas Lorenzo de’ Medicille. Omistuksessa Machiavelli toivoi tämän kykenevän yhdistämään Italian asein ja karkottamaan vierasmaalaiset sotajoukot sen alueelta.[1]

Lorenzo on haudattu Firenzen San Lorenzon kirkon Medici-kappeliin. Hänen hautamuistomerkkinsä toteutti kuvanveistäjä Michelangelo Klemens VII:n tilauksesta. Siihen sisältyy kolme Michelangelon veistämää hahmoa, joista yksi edustaa vertauskuvallisesti Lorenzoa.[1]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, duca di Urbino (englanniksi) Encyclopædia Britannica. Viitattu 27.6.2021.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Nordisk familjebok (1912), s. 1420 (ruotsiksi) Runeberg.org. Viitattu 27.6.2021.
  3. ↑ LORENZO de' Medici, duca di Urbino (italiaksi) Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (2006), Treccani. Viitattu 27.6.2021.
  4. ↑ Abel A. Alves: Medici, Catherine de (1519–1589) (englanniksi) Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia.com. Viitattu 27.6.2021.

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