Liuskekaasu

Liuskekaasu on kalkki- ja liuskekiven huokosista porattavaa tavallista maakaasua[1]. Liuskekaasua porataan vesisärötystekniikalla. Liuskekaasun hyödyntäminen on vasta aluillaan. Yhdysvalloista alkaneen liuskekaasubuumin uskotaan mullistavan koko maailman energiamarkkinat.[2]

Liuskekaasuvarat

Liuskekaasuvarojen määrä maailmassa on vielä osittain tuntematon, mutta tunnetut varat ovat yhteensä noin 325 biljoonaa kuutiometriä [2]. Maailman suurimmat liuskekaasuvarannot on löydetty Kiinasta. Niiden hyödyntämisen aloittamisen uskotaan lisäävän Kiinan kansainvälistä kilpailukykyä tulevaisuudessa. Euroopan liuskekaasuvarantojen (etenkin Puolassa, Ranskassa ja Norjassa) ei katsota olevan hyödynnettävissä lähitulevaisuudessa.[3]

Hinta

Liuskekaasun hinta Yhdysvalloissa on noin neljännes maakaasun hinnasta Euroopassa. Tämä parantaa Yhdysvaltain kilpailukykyä energiaintensiivisillä tuotannonaloilla, kuten kemian-, metsä- ja metalliteollisuudessa[3].

Ympäristö

Liuskekaasu on fossiilinen polttoaine, siinä missä normaali maakaasukin. Kuitenkin esimerkiksi Yhdysvallat on pystynyt vähentämään ensi kertaa ilmastopäästöjä siirtymällä kivihiilestä liuskekaasuun.[2]. Liuskekaasun louhinnassa käytettävät kemikaalit saattavat kuitenkin saastuttaa pohjavesiä ja kaasukaivoista syntyy myös metaanipäästöjä [1]. Luonnonsuojelujärjestö WWF kehottaa jättämään liuskekaasuvarannot käyttämättä EU:ssa, niiden kielteisten ympäristövaikutusten takia[4].

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b Ranta, Elina: Liuskekaasu sekoittaa energiamarkkinoita Taloussanomat. 19.4.2013. Taloussanomat. Viitattu 2.9.2013. suomeksi
  2. ↑ a b c Liuskekaasu mullistaa maailman energiamarkkinat MTV3 7.3.2013
  3. ↑ a b Lundén, Kimmo: Liuskekaasu pidentää Euroopan takamatkaa. Talouselämä, 17.5.2013, s. 17. Talentum Oyj.
  4. ↑ Liuskekaasu jätettävä maahan Euroopassa WWF, uutiset ja tiedotteet. 7.6.2013. WWF. suomeksi

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