Jama Masjid (Fatehpur Sikri)

Jama Masjid
Sijainti Fatehpur Sikri
 Intia
Koordinaatit 27°05′42″N, 77°39′46″E
Rakennustyyppi moskeija
Valmistumisvuosi 1571–1572
Rakennuttaja Akbar
Käyttäjä muslimit
Julkisivumateriaali hiekkakivi
Lisää rakennusartikkeleitaArkkitehtuurin teemasivulla

Jama Masjid (suom. Perjantaimoskeija) on vuosina 1571–1572 rakennettu moskeija Fatehpur Sikrin kaupungissa Intian Uttar Pradeshin osavaltiossa. Kaupunki oli aikanaan suurmogulihallitsija Akbarin hallinnollinen keskus ja Jama Masjid kaupungin päämoskeija.

Kaupunki ja sen moskeija ovat osa Unescon maailmanperintöluettelon kohdetta.

Historia

Moskeijan sisätiloja.

Suurmogulien valtakunnan hallitsija Akbar rakennutti Fatehpur Sikrin palatsikaupungin vuosien 1571 ja 1573 välillä. Moskeija valmistui kaupungin ensimmäisten rakennusten joukossa vuosina 1571–1572.[1] Akbar johti itse moskeijan rakennustöitä.[2] Suuri osa rakennuksista tehtiin punaisesta hiekkakivestä. Moskeijan perusmalli on persialaista alkuperää. Etenkin yksityiskohdissa ja ornamentiikassa on kuitenkin intialaisia vaikutteita.[3] Moskeijakompleksi käsittää myös kaupungin perustamistarinaan liitetyn muslimpyhimys Salim Chistin haudan.[1] Suurmogulien valtakunnan pääkaupunki siirtyi Delhiin vuonna 1586[2] ja Fatehpur Sikri hylättiin.[3] Monet Akbarin palatsikaupungin rakennuksista, kuten sen Jama Masjid-moskeija, säilyivät kuitenkin näihin päiviin saakka. Nykyisin moskeija on osa Fatehpur Sikrin kaupungin käsittävää Unescon maailmanperintöluettelon kohdetta.[1]

Rakennus

Salim Chistin hauta moskeijan pihalla.

Moskeija käsittää suuren 110 x 134 metrin kokoisen pihan. Pihalle avautuu useampia portteja. Moskeijan Mekkaa symboloivaa mihrabinia vastapäätä on Kuninkaan portti, jota hallitsija käytti moskeijalle saapuessaan. Etelästä pihalle avautuu Voiton portti tai Buland Darwaza.[3] Vuonna 1575 valmistunut portti rakennettiin Gujaratiin suuntautuneen voittoisan sotareken muistoksi. Porttia on pidetty yhtenä parhaista Akbarin rakennuttamista kohteista[1] ja se oli esikuva mogulien myöhemmin rakentamille monumentaaliporteille.[3]

Moskeijan pihalla on Salim Chistin hauta. Valkoinen marmorinen hauta poikkeaa muun kompleksin punaisesta hiekkakivestä.[3] Hauta valmistui vuosina 1580–1581.[1] Hauta on edelleen pyhä.[3]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d e Fatehpur Sikri World Heritage List. Unesco. Viitattu 9.6.2022. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ a b Fatehpur Sikri Encyclopaedia Britannica. Viitattu 9.6.2022. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Jukka O. Miettinen: Intia : kaupunkeja, kulttuureja ja historiaa, s. 163-167. Otava, 1991. ISBN 951-1-11091-8

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