Ibn Sa'd

Muhammad ibn Sa'd al-Bāghdādi (arab. محمد بن سعد البغدادي‎, Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d; 784 – 845 Bagdad) oli arabialainen historioitsija ja juristi, joka kirjoitti laajan elämäkertojen (tabaqat) kokoelman. Hänet tunnetaan myös nimellä Kātib al-Wāqidī (Waqidin sihteeri).

Elämä

Ibn Sa'din elämästä tiedetään vain vähän. Hänen katsotaan syntyneen Basrassa 784 ja muuttaneen sitten Bagdadiin kalifi al-Mamunin (813–833) hallitessa. Siellä hän työskenteli al-Waqidin sihteerinä, mistä hänen toinen kutsumanimensä johtuu. Ibn Sa'd oli myös johtavia islamilaisen lain asiantuntijoita, ja kerrotaan, että hän kuului niiden kahdeksan fiqh-asiantuntijan joukkoon, joilta kalifi al-Mamun pyysi lausuntoa siitä, oliko Koraani luomisen tulosta. Kaikki kahdeksan yhtyivät tähän kalifin mielipiteeseen. Imaami Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, joka edusti eri mielipidettä, piti silti hyviä suhteita yllä Ibn Sa'diin. Kerrotaan, että hän lainasi tältä joka perjantai joukon elämäkertoja ja palautti ne aina seuraavana perjantaina.[1]

Ibn Sa'din kerrotaan matkailleen haditheja keräten muun muassa Kuufassa ja Medinassa. Hän kuoli vuonna 845 Bagdadissa ja haudattiin Damaskoksen (eli Syyrian) portin lähelle.[1]

Teokset

Ibn Sa'din pääteos ja ainoa säilynyt on Kitāb aṭ-Tabaqāt al-Kabīr (Kirja suurista sukupolvista). Se sisältää 4250 elämäkertaa, joista 600 on tehty naisista.[2] Kirja kertoo profeetta Muhammedista, hänen kumppaneistaan (aṣ-ṣaḥāba) ja auttajistaan (maula), joista Badrin taisteluun osallistujat esitellään erikseen. Lisäksi kirja sisältää tietoja seuraavasta sukupolvesta eli seuraajista (tābi‘ūn), joiden tiedot Muhammedista tulivat kumppaneiden välityksellä. [2]

Arabisti Ella Landau-Tasseronin mukaan Ibn Sa'din teos on al-Waqidin (k. 822) tekemän alkuperäisen, mutta kadonneen teoksen kopio ja täydennys. Al-Tabarin 900-luvulla kirjoittama elämäkertojen kokoelma nojaa sekä al-Waqidin alkuperäiseen että Ibn Sa'din teokseen.[3]

Teos julkaistiin Leidenissa kahdeksanosaisena laitoksena arabiaksi vuosina 1904–1921.[1] Volyymit 1 ja 2 käännettiin Pakistanissa englanniksi vuosina 1967–1972. Lyhennelmiä teoksesta on ilmestynyt kolmena englanninkielisenä niteenä.[4]

Arviointia

Muslimioppineet katsovat, että Tabaqat on tiedon aarrearkku, mutta lukijan on syytä olla hereillä valitessaan autenttista ja luotettavaa tietoa massiivisen tietomäärän joukosta. Kitāb aṭ-Tabaqāt al-Kabīr sisältää elämäkertojen lisäksi kuhunkin liittyvät kertojaketjut. Näin lukija voi itse varmistaa tietojen autenttisuuden ottamalla huomioon kunkin kertojan luotettavuuden asteen.[1]

Arabisti Carl W. Ernst katsoi, että Sa'din tavoitteena ei niinkään ollut objektiivinen historiankirjoitus kuin tunnustuksen jakaminen siitä, keneltä auktoriteetilta mikin perimätiedon osa oli peräisin.[5]

Katso myös

Lähteet

  • Ernst, Carl, W.: How to Read the Quran. A New Guide, with Select Translations. Edinburgh University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-7486-5070-5
  • Ibn Sa'd: Kitab al-Taqabat al-Kabir. TA-HA Publishers. Teoksen verkkoversio. (englanniksi)
  • Robinson, Chase F.: Islamic Historiography. Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-62936-2 (englanniksi)
  • Al-Tabari: The History of al-Tabari. Volume XXXIX. Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors. Translated and annotated by Ella Landau-Tasseron. State University of New York Press, 1998. Teoksen verkkoversio.

Viitteet

  1. ↑ a b c d Ibn Sa'd, Introduction
  2. ↑ a b Robinson 2003, s. 30, 72
  3. ↑ Landau-Tasseron, Ella 1998, s. xxiv (The History of al-Tabari)
  4. ↑ Amazon verkkokauppa
  5. ↑ Ernst, 2011, s.239

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