Gibraltarin piiritys (1779–1783)

Gibraltarin piiritys
Osa Yhdysvaltain vapaussotaa
Päivämäärä:

24. kesäkuuta 1779 – 7. helmikuuta 1783

Paikka:

Gibraltar

Lopputulos:

Brittiläinen voitto

Osapuolet

Ison-Britannian kuningaskunnan lippu 1707-1800 Iso-Britannia

Espanjan lippu 1760-1785 Espanja
Ranskan kuningaskunnan lippu Ranska

Komentajat

Ison-Britannian kuningaskunnan lippu 1707-1800 George Augustus Eliott
Ison-Britannian kuningaskunnan lippu 1707-1800 Roger Curtis

Espanjan lippu 1760-1785 Luis de Córdova y Córdova
Espanjan lippu 1760-1785 Antonio Barceló

Gibraltarin piiritys oli Ranskan ja Espanjan epäonnistunut yritys vallata Gibraltar Britannialta vuosina 1779–1783. Piirityksen alkaessa Gibraltarilla oli 5382 brittisotilasta. Ranskan ja Espanjan laivastot saartoivat sitä mereltä, ja mantereen puolella vastassa oli suuri armeija. [1]

Talvella 1779 oli pulaa elintarvikkeista ja polttopuista. Keripukki riehui linnoituksessa. Keväällä amiraali Rodney pääsi vihollisen laivaston läpi ja toi tarvikkeita ja tuhatkunta miestä. Puute alkoi vaivata uudelleen ennen kuin huhtikuussa 1781 seuraavat brittilaivat pääsivät saartorenkaan läpi.[1]

Kun Gibraltarin kuvernööri, kenraali George Augustus Eliott kuuli ranskalaisten ja espanjalaisten valmistelevan maihinnousua, hän suunnitteli yllätyshyökkäyksen yön pimeydessä. Landport Gaten kautta linnoituksesta livahtanut joukko onnistui tunnin kuluessa tekemään vihollisen tykit toimintakyvyttömiksi ja räjäyttämään kolme patteria. Britit menettivät hyökkäyksessä vain viisi miestä.[2] Piirittäjät luovuttivat keväällä 1783. Britit olivat menettäneet noin 1200 miestä ja käyttäneet 8000 tynnyriä ruutia. He olivat tuhonneet vihollislaivoja, joilla purjehti yli 5000 miestä.[1]

Piirityksen aikana kaivettiin Gibraltarinvuoren tunnelit.[3]

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c The Great Siege of Gibraltar The Keep Military Museum, Dorchester, Dorset. Arkistoitu 21.8.2014. Viitattu 14.9.2012.
  2. ↑ History of Gibraltar Gibraltar Information. Arkistoitu 29.2.2012. Viitattu 14.9.2012.
  3. ↑ Great Siege Tunnels gibraltar.gi. Arkistoitu 11.2.2012. Viitattu 14.9.2012. (englanniksi)

Kirjallisuutta

  • John Drinkwater: A history of the late siege of Gibraltar. Printed by T. Spilsbury, 1786. Google kirjat Viitattu 27.9.2012.

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