Fly-by-wire

F-8 Crusader -lentokoneen fly-by-wire-järjestelmää (kuvassa vihreällä).

Fly-by-wire on ohjausjärjestelmä, jossa käskyt ohjaimelta ohjattavalle laitteelle välittyvät sähköisesti ilman suoraa mekaanista tai hydraulista yhteyttä. Yleisemmin termi yhdistetään lentokoneisiin, joissa sitä on ensin käytetty. Toisinaan muidenkin laitteiden vastaavia järjestelmiä, kuten autojen sähköisiä kaasupolkimia, saatetaan kutsua fly-by-wire-järjestelmiksi. Autoissa elektronisesti ohjatun järjestelmän yleisnimitykseksi on kuitenkin yleistynyt drive-by-wire (DbW, drive by wire). Osajärjestelmistä käytetään täsmällisempiä nimiä, kuten brake-by-wire (eli sähköinen jarrutuksen ohjausjärjestelmä).[1][2]

Fly-by-wire-järjestelmä on usein tietokoneohjattu, jolloin ohjaukseen saadaan yhdistettyä erilaisia toimintoja. Esimerkiksi lentokoneissa järjestelmään on liitetty usein toimintoja, joilla kone varmistaa ohjauskäskyn turvallisuuden ennen sen toteuttamista. Toisaalta fly-by-wire-ohjaus voi olla myös lineaarinen, esimerkiksi yksinkertainen sähköinen kaasupoljin, jolloin tietty polkimen asento vastaa suoraan tiettyä kaasun määrää.

Esimerkkejä käyttökohteista ovat F-16 ja F-117- sekä uudemmat Airbus-liikennelentokoneet (A320/330/340/350/380). Järjestelmä voidaan yleisemmän, digitaalisen ratkaisun ohella toteuttaa myös analogisena, kuten Concordessa.[3][4]

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ John Fuller: How Drive-by-wire Technology Works howstuffworks.com. Viitattu 10.11.2021. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Olli Laitinen: Brembo lisää tekoälyä brake-by-wire-jarruihinsa – Valmistajan mukaan järjestelmä parantaa auton turvallisuutta ja ajomukavuutta (tilaajille) Tekniikan Maailma, uutiset. 10.11.2021. Viitattu 10.11.2021.
  3. ↑ Fly-By-Wire - SKYbrary Aviation Safety www.skybrary.aero. Viitattu 18.2.2021.
  4. ↑ Concorde Fly by Wire heritage-concorde. Viitattu 18.2.2021. (englanniksi)
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