Papa Gregorio VIII

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'antipapa omonimo, vedi Antipapa Gregorio VIII.
Papa Gregorio VIII
173º papa della Chiesa cattolica
Elezione21 ottobre 1187
Insediamento25 ottobre 1187
Fine pontificato17 dicembre 1187
(0 anni e 57 giorni)
Predecessorepapa Urbano III
Successorepapa Clemente III
 
NomeAlberto di Morra
NascitaBenevento, 1100
Creazione a cardinale1155 da papa Adriano IV
MortePisa, 17 dicembre 1187
SepolturaDuomo di Pisa

Gregorio VIII, nato Alberto di Morra (Benevento, 1100 circa – Pisa, 17 dicembre 1187), è stato il 173º papa della Chiesa cattolica dal 25 ottobre 1187 alla sua morte.

Biografia

Formazione e carriera ecclesiastica

La Croce di Santiago simbolo dell'ordine omonimo.

Figlio del nobile Sartorius di Morra, studiò in Francia. Mantenne frequenti contatti con i Canonici regolari premostratensi di Laon; è possibile che abbia pronunciato i voti presso di loro. Tornato in Italia si laureò all'Università di Bologna, ove fu anche professore di diritto.

In età avanzata, la fama raggiunta nel magistero giuridico favorì il suo ingresso nella Curia romana[1]. Nel concistoro del dicembre 1155 papa Adriano IV lo nominò cardinale diacono con il titolo di Sant'Adriano. Nel 1158 optò per il titolo presbiterale di San Lorenzo in Lucina. Tra il 1161 ed il 1162 fu legato pontificio in Dalmazia ed Ungheria e tra il 1171 e il 1173 in Francia. Nel 1172, in qualità di legato pontificio, partecipò ad un concilio ad Avranches, che assolse Enrico II d'Inghilterra dalla colpa di aver assassinato san Tommaso Becket.
Fu inoltre il proponente della Terza crociata. Fervente sostenitore della costituzione dell'ordine monastico-militare dei Cavalieri di Santiago, ne compose la regola nel 1175. Negli anni fra il 1177 e 1180 fu legato pontificio in nord Italia. Fu Cancelliere della Santa Sede dal 1178.

Nel 1182 divenne cardinale protopresbitero, carica che mantenne fino alla sua elezione al soglio pontificio.

Conclavi

Il cardinale Alberto Morra partecipò a tutte e quattro le elezioni pontificie che si svolsero durante il periodo del suo cardinalato:

Pontificato

Venne consacrato papa come successore di Urbano III al conclave tenutosi a Ferrara il 25 ottobre 1187.
Morì di febbre il 17 dicembre dello stesso anno a Pisa (nella cui cattedrale è oggi sepolto), mentre era intento nell'opera di riappacificazione tra Pisa stessa e Genova, che voleva coalizzate nella guerra santa contro i musulmani.
Stessa opera di riappacificazione aveva intrapreso nei confronti di Federico Barbarossa, che della crociata avrebbe dovuto essere il perno, almeno nelle intenzioni del Papa, ma che invece continuava nel suo intransigente atteggiamento di ostilità nei confronti della Sede romana.

Gli succedette Clemente III.

Concistori per la creazione di nuovi cardinali

Non risulta dalle fonti documentarie che Papa Gregorio VIII durante il suo pontificato abbia creato dei cardinali.[2]

Successione apostolica

La successione apostolica è:

Note

  1. ^ Gregorio VIII, in Enciclopedia dei Papi, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2000.
  2. ^ (EN) Salvador Miranda, Gregory VIII, su fiu.edu – The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Florida International University. URL consultato il 28 luglio 2015.

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Predecessore Papa della Chiesa cattolica Successore
Papa Urbano III 21 ottobre 1187 – 17 dicembre 1187 Papa Clemente III

Predecessore Cardinale diacono di Sant'Adriano al Foro Successore
Giovanni Paparoni 11551158 Cinzio Papareschi

Predecessore Cardinale presbitero di San Lorenzo in Lucina Successore
Ubaldo III 11581187 Pietro

Predecessore Cardinale protopresbitero Successore
? 11821187 Giovanni dei conti di Anagni
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN89638818 · ISNI (EN0000 0000 7246 1464 · SBN BASV059366 · BAV 495/46041 · CERL cnp00398824 · ULAN (EN500355720 · LCCN (ENnb2007018202 · GND (DE118718673 · BNE (ESXX1616520 (data) · J9U (ENHE987007397419205171

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