Elyros

Elyros
Ἔλυρος
Elyroksen raunioita.
Elyroksen raunioita.
Sijainti

Elyros
Koordinaatit 35°17′15″N, 23°47′43″E
Valtio Kreikka
Paikkakunta Kántanos-Sélino, Chaniá, Kreeta
Historia
Tyyppi kaupunki
Ajanjakso noin 400 eaa.–700 jaa.
Kulttuuri antiikki
Alue Kreeta
Aiheesta muualla

Elyros Commonsissa

Elyros (m.kreik. Ἔλυρος, lat. Elyrus) oli antiikin aikainen kaupunki ja kaupunkivaltio (polis) Kreetan saarella Kreikassa.[1][2] Sen arkeologinen alue sijaitsee Kántanos-Sélinon kunnassa Kefálan kukkulalla noin 1,2 kilometriä itään Rodovánin kylästä.

Historia

Elyros kukoisti kaupunkina 400-luvulta eaa. lähtien. Se oli hellenistisenä ja roomalaisena aikana yksi lounaisen Kreetan merkittävimmistä kaupunkivaltioista. 200-luvulla eaa. kaupunki oli osa vuoriston kaupunkivaltioiden liittoa, johon kuuluivat myös Tarrha, Lissos, Syia, Poikilassos ja Hyrtakina. Kaupunki oli sodassa muun muassa Kydonian kanssa. Vuonna 183 eaa. Elyros liittoutui Eumenes II:n Pergamonin kanssa. Saaren etelärannikolla sijainneet Tarrha, Lissos ja Syia toimivat Elyroksen satamina.[2][3]

Elyros löi omaa rahaa, jota käytettiin myös muissa lähikaupungeissa. Kaupungin asukasluvuksi on arvioitu 16 000–30 000. Elyroksessa palvottiin erityisesti Apollonia sekä heeroksia Fylakides ja Filandros, jotka olivat Apollonin ja nymfi Akakalliksen poikia. Kaupunki lähetti Delfoihin pronssisen votiivilahjan, joka esitti vuohta imettämässä näitä heeroksia pikkulapsina. Kaupunki oli olemassa vielä bysanttilaisella ajalla, jolloin siellä toimi piispanistuin. Basilikakirkko oli rakennettu 500-luvulla. Kaupungin tuhosivat saraseenit noin 700-luvulla.[2][3][4][5]

Rakennukset ja löydökset

Elyroksessa on suoritettu vain vähän kaivauksia. Ensimmäisenä kaupungin paikan tunnisti Robert Pashley. Myöhemmin paikalta löydettiin kaupungin nimen sisältänyt piirtokirjoitus, joka osoitti tunnistuksen lopullisesti oikeaksi. Paikalla on jäänteitä erilaisista rakennuksista, muureista, teatterista, vesisäiliöistä, akveduktista sekä basilikan mosaiikkilattiasta. Kaupungista on löydetty myös mm. roomalaisaikainen patsas ”Elyroksen filosofi”, minkä perusteella sen arvellaan olleen paikallinen oppineisuuden keskus.[2][4][3][6]

Kaupungin hautausmaa on sijainnut kukkulan etelä- ja kaakkoisrinteellä. Basilikan paikalla sijaitsee nykyisin Neitsyt Marian (Panagía) kirkko.[6]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Hansen, Mogens Herman & Nielsen, Thomas Heine: ”959 Elyros”, An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. (An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-19-814099-1
  2. ↑ a b c d Έλυρος: Ιστορικό Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού. Arkistoitu 26.9.2021. Viitattu 23.11.2015.
  3. ↑ a b c Elyros Kambos Village. Viitattu 23.11.2015.
  4. ↑ a b Ancient Elyros Meet Crete. Arkistoitu 26.11.2015. Viitattu 23.11.2015.
  5. ↑ Ancient Tarra Cretan Beaches. Viitattu 23.11.2015.
  6. ↑ a b Έλυρος: Περιγραφή Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού. Arkistoitu 21.10.2021. Viitattu 23.11.2015.

Aiheesta muualla

Read other articles:

Provinsi Mino

Provinsi Mino (美濃国code: ja is deprecated , mino no kuni) adalah provinsi lama Jepang yang sekarang menjadi bagian selatan prefektur Gifu. Mino berbatasan dengan provinsi Echizen, Hida, Ise, Mikawa, Omi, Owari, dan Shinano. Ibu kota Mino terletak di kota Tarui, sedangkan istana penguasa terletak di kota Gifu. Mino merupakan wilayah kekuasaan Oda Nobunaga yang diteruskan oleh para pewarisnya sewaktu Toyotomi Hideyoshi berkuasa. Pertempuran Sekigahara terjadi di bagian barat Mino, tepatny...

 

Karapan Sapi (album)

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Karapan Sapi album – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Karapan SapiAlbum studio karya EmeraldDirilis2 Mei 1990LabelRIB ProductionKronologi Emerald Cemas (1988)Cemas1988 Karapan S...

 

Pemilihan umum Bupati Aceh Selatan 2018

Pemilihan umum Bupati Aceh Selatan 20182013202327 Juni 2018[1]Kandidat   Calon Azwir Teuku Sama Indra Mirwan Partai Hanura Demokrat Partai Aceh Pendamping Tengku Amran Harmaini Zirhan Suara rakyat 46.667 37.608 33.972 Persentase 35,85% 28,89% 26,10%   Calon Tengku Husin Yusuf Karman Darman Partai Perseorangan Perseorangan Perseorangan Pendamping Mustafril Afdhal Yasin Baital Makmur Suara rakyat 5.799 3.284 1.454 Persentase 4,45% 2,52% 1,12%   Calon Zulkarnain...

Thandiwe Newton

Thandiwe NewtonOBENewton di San Diego Comic Con pada Juli 2019LahirMelanie Thandiwe Newton6 November 1972 (umur 51)London, InggrisNama lainThandie NewtonPendidikanDowning College, Cambridge (BA)PekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1989–sekarangSuami/istriOl Parker ​ ​(m. 1998; berpisah 2022)​Anak3, termasuk Nico Parker dan Ripley Parker Melanie Thandiwe Newton OBE (/ˈtændiːweɪ/ tan-DEE-way; lahir 6 November 1972), sebelumnya dikredit...

 

Stadio Marcello Torre

Stadio Marcello TorreCampo del Pino Informazioni generaliStato Italia Ubicazionevia Cesare Sportelli84016 Pagani (SA) Inizio lavori1975 Inaugurazione1975 Costo  Ristrutturazione2007-2009 ProprietarioComune di Pagani Progetto  Informazioni tecnichePosti a sedere5.093[1] Strutturacemento (tribuna, distinti, curva sud) tubolari di ferro (curva nord, settore ospiti) Coperturadistinti Pista d’atleticapresente Mat. del terrenoerba Dim. del terreno102 x 63 m Uso e beneficiar...

 

Shaenon K. Garrity

American writer and critic Shaenon K. GarrityGarrity in 2010Born (1978-05-04) May 4, 1978 (age 45)Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.NationalityAmericanArea(s)Cartoonist, Writer, EditorNotable worksNarbonic, Skin Horsewww.shaenon.com Shaenon K. Garrity is an American webcomic creator and science-fiction author best known for her webcomics Narbonic and Skin Horse. She collaborated with various artists to write webcomics for the Modern Tales-family of webcomic subscription services in the early...

克瓦米·恩克鲁玛

此條目可参照外語維基百科相應條目来扩充。若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 Osagyefo克瓦米·恩克鲁玛第三届非洲联盟主席任期1965年10月21日—1966年2月24日前任贾迈勒·阿卜杜-纳赛尔继任约瑟夫·亚瑟·�...

 

Fabio Leimer

Swiss racing driver Fabio LeimerLeimer in 2015Born (1989-04-17) 17 April 1989 (age 35)Rothrist, SwitzerlandGP2 Series careerDebut season2010Current teamRacing EngineeringCar number8Former teamsOcean Racing TechnologyRapaxStarts63Wins5Poles2Fastest laps4Best finish1st in 2013Previous series2009–10–20112008–092008200720072006GP2 Asia SeriesInternational Formula MasterFormula Master ItaliaFormula Renault 2.0 ItaliaEurocup Formula Renault 2.0Formula BMW ADACChampionship titles201320092...

 

對習近平的負面稱呼

习近平 习近平自2012年出任中共中央总书记成为最高领导人期间，因其废除国家主席任期限制、开启总书记第三任期、集权统治、公共政策与理念、知识水平和自述经历等争议，被中国大陸及其他地区的民众以其争议事件、个人特征及姓名谐音创作负面称呼，用以恶搞、讽刺或批评习近平。对习近平的相关负面称呼在互联网上已经形成了一种活跃、独特的辱包亚文化。 权力�...

Manchester City F.C. supporters

Supporters of Manchester City F.C. Manchester City supporters invade the pitch following their 2011–12 Premier League title win. Since their inception in 1880 by Rev. Arthur Connell and William Beastow as St. Mark's (West Gorton), Manchester City Football Club have developed a loyal, passionate and dedicated following.[1][2][3] Evolving from a cricket team which aimed to unite the community in industrial east Manchester, St. Mark's changed to Ardwick F.C. before sett...

 

John Prescott

Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 For other people named John Prescott, see John Prescott (disambiguation). The Right HonourableThe Lord PrescottOfficial portrait, c. 1997Deputy Prime Minister of the United KingdomIn office2 May 1997 – 27 June 2007Prime MinisterTony BlairPreceded byMichael HeseltineSucceeded byNick Clegg[a]Deputy Leader of the Labour PartyIn office21 July 1994 – 24 June 2007LeaderTony BlairPreceded byMargare...

 

North Rhine-Westphalia

State in Germany Not to be confused with Rhineland-Palatinate. NRW redirects here. For other uses, see NRW (disambiguation). State in GermanyNorth Rhine-Westphalia Nordrhein-Westfalen (German)Noordryn-Westfaulen (Low German)State FlagCoat of armsCoordinates: 51°28′N 7°33′E / 51.467°N 7.550°E / 51.467; 7.550CountryGermanyFounded23 August 1946CapitalDüsseldorfLargest cityCologneGovernment • BodyLandtag of North Rhine-Westphalia •...

Siblicide

Killing of an infant individual by its siblings This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article may be in need of reorganizat...

 

Pieve di Valtravaglia

Pieve di ValtravagliaInformazioni generaliCapoluogoBedero 368 abitanti (1751) Dipendente daProvincia di Milano Suddiviso in43 comuni AmministrazioneForma amministrativaPieve Podestàlista sconosciuta Organi deliberativiConsiglio generale Evoluzione storicaInizioXIV secolo CausaSecolarizzazione delle pievi Fine1797 CausaInvasione napoleonica Preceduto da Succeduto da Nessuna Distretto di Maccagno Distretto di Luino Cartografia Pieve di San Vittore martire Informazioni generaliCapoluogoBedero 3...

 

Texas, Oklahoma and Eastern Railroad

Texas, Oklahoma and Eastern RailroadTexas, Oklahoma and Eastern BoxcarOverviewHeadquarters10752 Deerwood Park Blvd. Ste. 300, Jacksonville, FL 32256Reporting markTOELocaleOklahoma, ArkansasDates of operation1910–presentTechnicalTrack gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gaugeLength39.3 miles (63.2 km) The Texas, Oklahoma and Eastern Railroad (reporting mark TOE) is a Class III short-line railroad owned by Patriot Rail Company of Jacksonville, Florida, wi...

President of the United Arab Emirates

Head of state of the United Arab Emirates President of the United Arab Emiratesرئيس دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدةEmblem of the United Arab EmiratesPresidential StandardIncumbentMohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyansince 14 May 2022Executive branch of the Federal Government of the United Arab EmiratesStyleHis HighnessStatusHead of stateMember ofFederal Supreme CouncilResidenceQasr Al WatanSeatAbu DhabiAppointerFederal Supreme CouncilTerm length5 years, renewableConsti...

 

History of modern Serbia

Part of a series on the History of Serbia By century 9th 10th Prehistory Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Bronze Age Iron Age Pre-Roman Illyrians Autariatae Dardani Triballi Moesi Scordisci Dacians Early Roman Illyricum Pannonia Pannonia Inferior Dalmatia Moesia Moesia Superior Dacia Dacia Aureliana Late Roman Moesia Prima Dacia Mediterranea Dacia Ripensis Dardania Praevalitana Pannonia Secunda Diocese of Moesia Diocese of Dacia Diocese of Pannonia Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum Early Mi...

 

Cecilia Roth

Cecilia Roth (2014) Cecilia Roth tên khai sinh là Cecilia Rotemberg, sinh ngày 8.8.1956 tại Buenos Aires, là một nữ diễn viên Argentina. Cha là nhà báo kiêm biên tập viên người Ukraina gốc Do Thái, gặp mẹ của chị là nữ ca sĩ Dina Rot, người Chile tại Argentina. Cecilia Roth đã xuất hiện nhiều lần trên các loạt phim truyền hình. Sau khi đóng nhiều phim ở Argentina, chị chuyển sang sống tại Tây Ban Nha và hợp tác v�...

Maserati A6GCM

Single seater racing car This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Maserati A6GCM – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Racing car model Maserati A6GCMProduction1951-1953PredecessorMaserati 4CLT Maserati 8CLTSuccessorMaserati 250FTechnical...

 

Clause

Smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete proposition For other uses, see Clause (disambiguation). This article is missing information about clauses in non-English languages. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (November 2013) In language, a clause is a constituent or phrase that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate.[1] A typical clause consists of a subject and a syntactic...