Curt Sachs

Curt Sachs (Berliini 29. kesäkuuta 1881 – New York 5. helmikuuta 1959) oli saksalainen musiikkitieteilijä, joka oli yksi modernin organologian (soitinten tutkimuksen) perustajista. Hänen tunnetuin teoksensa oli Erich von Hornbostelin kanssa julkaistu Sachsin–Hornbostelin soitinten luokittelujärjestelmä.

Sachs syntyi ja varttui Berliinissä. Hän opiskeli pianoa, musiikinteoriaa ja sävellystä. Hän väitteli Berliinin yliopistossa vuonna 1904 taidehistoriasta aiheenaan Andrea del Verrocchion veistokset. Sachsin mielenkiinto kohdistui kuitenkin vähitellen enemmän musiikkiin, ja hänet nimitettiin valtion instrumenttikokoelman, Staatliche Instrumentensammlungin, johtajaksi. Hän järjesteli uudelleen ja restauroi ison osan kokoelmasta ja aloitti uransa organologian parissa.

Vuonna 1913 julkaistiin Sachsin ensimmäinen teos Real-Lexicon der Musikinstrumente, joka oli luultavasti seikkaperäisin soittimien tutkimus 200 vuoteen. Vuonna 1914 Sachsin ja von Hornbostelin tunnetuin artikkeli julkaistiin Zeitschrift für Ethnologiessa. Vaikka Sachsin–Hornbostelin luokittelua on kritisoitu paljon, se on edelleen käytetyin soittimien luokittelujärjestelmä etnomusikologiassa ja organologiassa.

Vuonna 1933 Sachs erotettiin juutalaisuutensa vuoksi musiikkitieteen professuuristaan Berliinin yliopistosta, ja hän joutui pakenemaan Yhdysvaltoihin New Yorkiin. Hän opetti New York Universityssä vuodesta 1937 vuoteen 1953.

Sachs–Hornbostel-pääluokat

  1. Idiofonit, joissa soittimen runko värähtelee. Esimerkiksi symbaali
  2. Membranofonit, joissa soittimen kalvo värähtelee. Esimerkiksi rummut
  3. Kordofonit, joissa värähtelee kieli. Esimerkiksi jousisoittimet
  4. Aerofonit, joissa värähtelee ilma. Esimerkiksi puhaltimet.

Myöhemmin hän lisäsi luokitteluunsa vielä viidennen ryhmän, elektrofonit, joissa ääni saadaan aikaan elektronisin keinoin.[1].

Lähteet

  1. ↑ The History of Musical Instruments, C. Sachs, Norton, New York, 1940

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