Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Carl Wilhelm Scheele (9. joulukuuta 1742 Stralsund, Ruotsin Pommeri – 21. toukokuuta 1786 Köping, Ruotsi) oli saksalais-ruotsalainen kemisti ja apteekkari.[1]

Scheele löysi ensimmäisenä monia kemiallisia alkuaineita kuten typen, hapen (n. 1772), bariumin (1774), kloorin (1774), mangaanin (1774), molybdeenin (1778) ja volframin (1781)[2][3]. Hän totesi myös ensimmäisenä, että samallakin metallilla saattaa eri yhdisteissä olla eri valensseja[2]. Lisäksi hän valmisti useita yhdisteitä kuten vetysyanidia (HCN, sinihappo)[4] , vetyfluoridia (HF) ja vetysulfidia (H2S, rikkivety).

Scheelen talo ja apteekki Köpingissa

Scheeleä pidetään myös yhtenä orgaanisen kemian perustajista. Ennen vuotta 1780 ainoat tunnetut orgaaniset hapot olivat muurahaishappo, etikkahappo, bentsoehappo ja meripihkahappo, mutta Scheele eristi useita muita kuten oksaali­hapon, viini­hapon, sitruuna­hapon ja maito­hapon. Lisäksi hän löysi glyserolin sekä useita estereitä.[4]

Carl Scheele kirjoitti kirjan Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer.[5]

Tukholmassa on Scheelen mukaan nimetty Scheelegatan.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Carl Wilhelm Scheele Encyclopedia Britannica. 2022. Viitattu 13.01.2022.
  2. ↑ a b Otavan iso Fokus, 6. osa (Ra–Su), s. 3738, art. Scheele. Otava, 1973. ISBN 951-1-01236-3
  3. ↑ Your Dictionary:Karl Wilhelm Scheele Facts
  4. ↑ a b John Hudson: Suurin tiede – kemian historia, s. 162. Suomentanut Kimmo Pietiläinen. Art House, 2002. ISBN 951-884-346-5
  5. ↑ Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer Runeberg.org. Viitattu 7.9.2010.
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