Brindisi

Brindisi
Brindisin kaupunki.
Brindisin kaupunki.
lippu
lippu		 vaakuna
vaakuna

Brindisi

Koordinaatit: 40°38′18″N, 17°56′45″E

Valtio Italia
Alue Apulia
Maakunta Brindisi
Pinta-ala
 – Kokonaispinta-ala 328,48 km²
Korkeus 15 m
Väkiluku (2014) 88 667
 – Väestötiheys 270,9 as./km²









Brindisi on kaupunki Italiassa. Se sijaitsee Apuliassa ja on Brindisin maakunnan pääkaupunki. Kaupungin asukasluku on 88 667 (2014)[1] ja pinta-ala 328 km².

Brindisissä sijaitsee muun muassa Papola-Casalen lentoasema.

Historia

Antiikki

Pääartikkeli: Brentesion eli Brundisium

Antiikin aikana Brindisi tunnettiin alun perin kreikaksi nimellä Brentesion ja sittemmin latinaksi nimellä Brundisium. Se oli alun perin messapialaisten kaupunki, joka hellenisoitui eli kreikkalaistui viimeistään klassisella kaudella 400–300-luvuilla eaa. Se ei kuitenkaan koskaan ollut kreikkalainen siirtokunta. Kaupungista tuli roomalainen kaupunki 200-luvulla eaa. Roomalainen kausi oli kaupungin kukoistuskautta, sillä se toimi tärkeänä satamana Italiasta itään suuntautuneelle liikenteelle, ja siksi se tunnetaan yleensä latinankielisellä nimellään. Roomalaisten Via Appia päättyi Brundisiumiin, mistä legioonalaiset purjehtivat edelleen itään Illyriaan tai Kreikkaan tai kauemmaksi Aasiaan.[2][3][4]

Via Appian päätepiste antiikin aikaisine pylväineen.
Brindisin katedraali.

Myöhempi historia

Myöhemmin alue kuului ostrogooteille ja Bysantin valtakuntaan, jonka tärkeä sillanpääasema se oli Italiassa.[4] Tämän jälkeen se joutui normannien haltuun.[4] Brindisi oli myös ristiretkeläisten lähtöpaikka.[4] Kaupungissa tapahtui vuosina 1348 ja 1456 kaksi maanjäristystä. Vuosina 1707–1734 kaupunki oli itävaltalaisen vallan alla. Toisen maailmansodan aikana syyskuusta 1943 helmikuuhun 1944 se toimi Italian väliaikaisena pääkaupunkina.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Italy, Puglia: Communes Citypopulation.de. Viitattu 10.7.2012. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Stillwell, Richard & MacDonald, William L. & McAllister, Marian Holland (toim.): ”BRUNDISIUM (Brindisi) Puglia, Italy”, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1976. Teoksen verkkoversio. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Smith, William: ”Brundisium”, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1854. Teoksen verkkoversio. (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ a b c d Maailman ympäri 7. Porvoo: WSOY, 1990. ISBN 951-0-14002-3

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