Belo Monten pato

Pato vuonna 2021.

Belo Monten pato on Xingujokeen rakenteilla oleva suuri pato.[1][2]

Valmistuessaan tämä Amazonin sivujoen pato olisi maailman kolmanneksi suurin. Sitä suurempia olisivat vain Kiinassa oleva Kolmen rotkon pato ja Brasilian ja Paraguayn rajalla oleva Itaipun pato.[1] Patoon liittyvän voimalaitoksen on tarkoitus tuottaa sähköä 11 000 megawattia, joka tekee siitä teholtaan maailman viidenneksi suurimman vesivoimalaitoksen.[3]

Historia

Kayapo-päällikkö Raoni Metuktire patoa vastustavan vetoomuksen kanssa Pariisissa.

Ensimmäisen kerran Xingujoen patoamista suunnitteli 1970-luvulla Brasilian sotilasdiktatuuri, joka aikoi rakentaa jokeen jopa viisi patoa. Hanke jäi kuitenkin toteutumatta. Vuonna 2005 Brasilian parlamentti hyväksyi Belo Monten rakennusprojektin, ja sen rakentaminen aloitettiin. Brasilian tuomioistuin keskeytti rakennustyöt vuonna 2012, koska joen varren alkuperäiskansoja ei ollut kuultu lainmukaisesti.[1] Pian keskeytyksen jälkeen Brasilian korkein oikeus antoi kuitenkin luvan jatkaa töitä.[3]

Padon on tarkoitus olla toimintavalmis vuonna 2019.[4]

Padon vaikutukset

Joen patoamista on vastustettu yhtä kauan kuin sitä on suunniteltukin. Belo Monten pato nostaisi joen pintaa niin, että vesi peittäisi 500 neliökilometriä maata. Kymmeniä tuhansia ihmisiä jouduttaisiin siirtämään pois asuinseudultaan, ja monien alkuperäiskansojen elämäntavat vaarantuisivat. Lisäksi luonto saattaa tuhoutua paikoin pahoin.[1]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d Alkuperäiskansat voittivat Brasiliassa. Aamulehti, 16.8.2012, s. A11.
  2. ↑ Marianna Birmoser Ferreira-Aulu, Is There A Future After The Belo Monte Dam? Turun yliopisto 2017 (pro gradu)
  3. ↑ a b Jättipadon rakennustyöt saavat jatkua. Aamulehti, 29.8.2012, s. A09.
  4. ↑ Belo Monte dam operations delayed by Brazil court ruling on indigenous people Theguardian.com 15.1.2016. Viitattu 13.3.2016. (englanniksi)

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