Basij

Basij (pers. ‏بسيج‎, virallisesti Basij-e Mostaz'afin, kirjaimellisesti "Riistettyjen liikekannallepano")[1][2] on iranilainen puolisotilaallinen miliisi, joka perustettiin Ajatollah Khomeinin Iranin islamilaisen vallankumouksen jälkeen vuonna 1979.

Basijin tehtävänä on mm. auttaa kansallisen turvallisuuden varmistamisessa ja lain valvonnassa. Basijin tehtävänä on myös sosiaalinen palvelu, uskonnollisten julkisten juhlien järjestäminen. Kuuluisaksi basij on tullut moraalipoliisina toimimisesta ja toisinajattelijoiden kiinniotoista. Basij on järjestön nimi, basiji järjestön jäsenen nimi.

Irakin-Iranin sodassa Basij toimi vapaaehtoisena joukkona, jonka jäsenet saivat mainetta ja kunniaa Iranissa uhrautuvalla toiminnallaan taistelukentällä. Basij toimi Iranin vuoden 2009 mielenosituksia vastaan. Joka kaupungissa on oma Basij, jota paikalliset uskonoppineet johtaa.[3]

Basijin jäsenmäärästä on hyvin erilaisia arvioita. Iranilaiset puhuvat mielellään 20 miljoonasta jäsenestä, mikä oli Khomeinin tavoite. Ulkopuoliset ovat arvioineet basijien määräksi 400 000. Vuonna 2005 yhdysvaltalainen tutkimuslaitos arvioi Iranissa olevan 90 000 aktiivista basijia ja 300 000 reservissä.[3]

Basijin synty

Ajatollah Khomeini määräsi marraskuussa 1979 luomaan ei-asevelvollisuusikäisistä miehistä ja naisista laajan kansanarmeijan. Khomeini ajatteli luovansa näin voittamattoman jopa 20 miljoonan sotilaan armeijan.[4]

Basij Irakin-Iranin sodassa

Irakin-Iranin sodassa Basijin alla rintamalle meni 12-vuotiaita poikia ja yli 80-vuotiaita vanhuksia šiioille ominaisen uskonnollisen marttyyri-aatteen ja isänmaallisuuden innoittamana. Basijiin värvättiin tiedotusvälinekampanjoin ja kouluvierailuin. Sodassa basijit olivat urheita ja uhrautuvia. Basijit kävelivät kuuluisissa ihmisaaltohyökkäyksissä räjäyttämään ruumiinpainollaan miinakentät tai suoraan päin vihollisen tulta.[5]

Basijien on sanottu pitäneen kaulassaan muovisia paratiisin avaimia. Sodassa on arvioitu kuolleen jopa satatuhatta basijia.[6][7][4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ GlobalSecurity.org Intelligence: Mobilisation Resistance Force
  2. ↑ AEI Outlook Series: What Do Structural Changes in the Revolutionary Guards Mean? (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  3. ↑ a b Profile: Basij militia force BBC. Viitattu 9.3.2013.
  4. ↑ a b Feared Basij militia has deep history in Iranian conflict 2009. CNN. Arkistoitu 3.4.2012. Viitattu 4.11.2012.
  5. ↑ iraq&f=false Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah Baqer Moin s. 140, 250
  6. ↑ Michael Burleigh: The Iranian who wants an apocalypse (Personal view (vastaa yliökirjoitusta)) 2007. Telegraph. Viitattu 4.11.2012.
  7. ↑ In Search of the Assassins' Paradise 2005. TIME. Arkistoitu 14.11.2012. Viitattu 4.11.2012.

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