Arpi

Tämä artikkeli kertoo jäljestä kudoksessa. Sanan muita merkityksiä on täsmennyssivulla.
Arpia käsivarressa.

Arpi on parantunut vaurioalue, jossa kudos on korvautunut arpikudoksella, joka on runsaskollageenista sidekudosta.[1]

Ihoon arpi syntyy tyvikerroksen vaurioiduttua pitkältä matkalta. Vaurion on voinut aiheuttaa syvä finni, vesirokko, haava, palovamma tai kirurginen viilto. Arven muodostumisen riski on sitä suurempi, mitä suurempi on tyvisolukerroksen vaurio. Kun sekä orvaskesi että tyvikerros on raapiutunut pois, arpi syntyy varmasti.[2]

Vaurion seurauksena orvaskedestä poistuu ainetta, joka korvautuu arpikudoksella. Arpi on aluksi punainen, koska sen kudokseen kasvavat verisuonet kuljettavat arpeen rakennusmateriaalia. Arpi vaalenee ruusunpunaiseksi ja muuttuu lopulta valkoiseksi, kovaksi ja joustamattomaksi.[2]

Arpikudos on erilaista kuin korvaamansa kudos; ihon arvessa ei ole hiki- tai talirauhasia, karvafollikkeleita tai pigmenttisoluja, joten se ei rusketu, eikä siihen kasva karvoja. Arpi saattaa muuttua kireäksi, kovaksi ja joustamattomaksi sekä rajoittaa nivelten liikkuvuutta. Se voi myös kutista ja särkeä, ja se voi näyttää rumalta.[2]

Hypertrofisiksi kutsutaan arpia, jotka paksuuntuvat ja kohoavat harjannemaiseksi. Keloidi tarkoittaa arven liikakasvua, jossa arpi paisuu jopa alkuperäisen vamman rajan ohi. Keloidi on punainen, paksu, helposti tulehtuva ja toisinaan kutiava, mutta se ei ole pahanlaatuinen kasvain.[2]

Arven syntymistä ihoon voi hillitä käyttämällä vuotamattomaksi muuttuneen vauriokohdan päällä usean viikon tai kuukauden ajan silikonivoidetta tai -laastaria. Arpia voidaan peittää pigmentoinnilla tai tatuoinnilla.[2]

Arpeuttaminen on arpien aiheuttamista ihoon tarkoituksellisesti esimerkiksi esteettisistä tai kulttuurisista syistä.[3]

Sydänlihakseen arpi voi muodostua sydäninfarktin seurauksena.[4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ arpi Lääketieteen sanasto. 18.10.2016. Duodecim. Viitattu 28.3.2022.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Adler, Yael: Iholla: kaikki kehomme suurimmasta elimestä, s. 61–65. (alkuteos Haut Nah, 2016) Suomentanut Lustig, Elina. Otava, 2018. ISBN 978-951-1-31644-2
  3. ↑ Theresa M. Winge: History of Scarification Love to Know. Viitattu 28.3.2022.
  4. ↑ Juhani Junttila: Arpi sydänlihaksessa kertoo aiemmasta sydäninfarktista Oulun yliopisto. 11.7.2019. Arkistoitu 28.3.2022. Viitattu 28.3.2022.

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