Aleksandr Tšakovski

Aleksandr Borisovitš Tšakovski (ven. Алекса́ндр Бори́сович Чако́вский; 26. elokuuta (J: 13. elokuuta) 1913 Pietari – 17. helmikuuta 1994 Moskova) oli venäläinen neuvostokirjailija, lehtimies ja Neuvostoliiton kirjailijaliiton virkailija.

Aleksandr Tšakovski syntyi lääkärin perheeseen. Vuonna 1938 hän valmistui Gorkille nimetystä kirjallisuusinstituutista ja toimi sen jälkeen kriitikkona. Toisen maailmansodan aikana hän työskenteli sotakirjeenvaihtajana mm. piiritetyssä Leningradissa. Vuodesta 1954 lähtien Tšakovski kuului Neuvostoliiton ja vuodesta 1958 Venäjän SFNT:n kirjailijaliiton hallituksiin.[1] Vuonna 1962 hänestä tuli yksi Neuvostoliiton kirjailijaliiton sihteereistä.[2] Vuosina 1955–1962 Tšakovski työskenteli Inostrannaja literatura -kirjallisuuslehden ja vuodesta 1962 kirjailijaliiton sanomalehden Literaturnaja gazetan päätoimittajana.[1]

Tšakovskin teokset edustavat ankaran puoluekantaista sosialistista realismia.[1] Trilogia Eto bylo v Leningrade (”Tapahtui Leningradissa”, 1944–1947) kuvaa piiritetyn kaupungin elämää. Japanin Neuvostoliitolle luovuttamaa Etelä-Sahalinia kuvaava romaani U nas uže utro (”Meillä on jo aamu”, 1949) sai Stalin-palkinnon. Poliittisten suurromaanien ”Piiritys” (Blokada, 1968–1974) ja Pobeda (”Voitto”, 1978–1981) aiheena ovat toisen maailmansodan tapahtumat.[3]

Kirjailija liittyi NKP:hen vuonna 1941, toimi Neuvostoliiton korkeimman neuvoston kansanedustajana ja oli vuodesta 1971 lähtien NKP:n keskuskomitean ehdokasjäsen. Vuonna 1973 hänelle myönnettiin sosialistisen työn sankarin arvonimi. Hänet on palkittu mm. Leninin ja lokakuun vallankumouksen kunniamerkeillä.[2]

Suomennettuja teoksia

  • Piiritetyssä Leningradissa. Suom. M. Jääskeläinen. Helsinki: Kansankulttuuri, 1945.
  • Eletty vuosi: pienoisromaani. Suom. E. Kiuru ja Taisto Summanen. Petroskoi: Karjalan ASNT:n valtion kustannusliike, 1960.
  • Kaukaisen tähden kajo. Suom. Saimi Kuivala. Moskova, Petroskoi: Edistys, 1965.
  • Piiritys. Suom. Ulla-Liisa Heino. Helsinki: Tammi, 1972.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Kasack, Wolfgang: Entsiklopeditšeski slovar russkoi literatury s 1917 goda, s. 828. London: Overseas Publications Interchange, 1988. ISBN 0-903868-73-3
  2. ↑ a b Bolšaja Sovetskaja Entsiklopedija, tom 29, s. 16. Moskva: Sovetskaja Entsiklopedija, 1978.
  3. ↑ Russkije pisateli, XX vek. Biobibliografitšeski slovar. Tšast 2, s. 533–534. Moskva: Prosveštšenije, 1998. ISBN 5-09-006995-6

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