Alaskan alkuperäiskansat

Alaskan alkuperäiskansat
Asuinalueet  Yhdysvallat
Alaska Alaska
Kielet englanti, haida, na-dené-kielet, eskimo-aleuttilaiset kielet
Sukulaiskansat muut Yhdysvaltain alkuperäiskansat, ensimmäiset kansat

Alaskan alkuperäiskansat (engl. Alaska Natives) on kollektiivinen nimitys Alaskan osavaltion alueella eläville alkuperäiskansoille. Vuonna 2014 Alaskan asukkaista noin 18 % kuului Alaskan alkuperäiskansoihin ja muihin Yhdysvaltain alkuperäiskansoihin. Osuus oli suurin osavaltioiden keskuudessa.[1]

Karkeasti jaettuna Alaskan alkuperäiskansat voidaan jakaa viiteen pääryhmään: aleutit, pohjois- ja eteläeskimot, athabascat sekä etelärannikon alkuperäiskansat (tlingitit ja haidat).[2] Vuonna 2014 Alaska tunnusti alkuperäiskansojen kielet osavaltion virallisiksi kieliksi englannin rinnalle.[3]

Vuonna 1971 voimaanastunut laki (engl. Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971) siirsi noin 10 % koko osavaltion pinta-alasta alkuperäiskansojen käyttöön. Lisäksi näille annettiin miljardi dollaria, jonka turvin mm. syrjäkyliä on saatu paremmin yhdistettyä modernin maailman kanssa. Tästä huolimatta alkuperäiskansojen kulttuuri on voimissaan etenkin pienimmissä kylissä, joista myös kaupungeissa asuvat alkuperäisasukkaat saavat perinteisiä ruokatarvikkeita.[4]

Liittovaltio on tunnustanut Alaskan alkuperäiskansat Yhdysvaltain alkuperäiskansoiksi. Bureau of Indian Affairs edustaa myös Alaskan alkuperäiskansoja.[5]

Lähteet

  1. Alaska Native Peoples Alaska Federation of Natives. 2023. Viitattu 7.2.2023. (englanti)
  2. Harriman: Alaska Native Communities PBS. 2001. Viitattu 7.2.2023. (englanniksi)
  3. Alaska OKs Bill Making Native Languages Official NRP. 21.4.2014. Viitattu 7.2.2023. (englanniksi)
  4. Alaska Natives Alaska Kids' Corner. 2023. Viitattu 7.2.2023. (englanniksi)
  5. Who is an American Indian or Alaska Native? U.S. Department of the Interior. 2023. Viitattu 7.2.2023. (englanniksi)

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