Akatisia

Akatisiaa sairastavan liikkeet. (Videossa tulee huomoida, että potilas on pakotettu syömään seisoen, eikä istuen.)

Akatisia, tarkoittaa neurologista liikehäiriötä, jossa henkilöllä on epämiellyttävä sisäinen levottomuuden tunne ja pakottava tarve jatkuvaan liikkumiseen.[1] Joillakin voi olla vain levoton tunne kehossaan. Vakavimmat tapaukset voivat johtaa aggressioon, väkivaltaan tai itsemurha-ajatuksiin.[2] Tasikinesia on akatisian kaltainen pakonomainen kävelyn tarve[3]. Akatisia ei ole sama asia kuin levottomat jalat[4].

Akatisia-termi on muodostettu kreikan kielen sanoista ἁ-, a- "ilman, ei" ja κάθισις, káthisis "istua"; 'ei istu'.

Akatisiaa esiintyy useimmiten lääkityksen haittavaikutuksena, mutta myös puhtaasti neurologisena liikehäiriönä. Akatisian oireita ovat sisäinen tuskaisuus ja levottomuudentunne, johon liittyy jaloissa tuntuva liikkumispakko ja kyvyttömyys seistä liikkumatta tai istua hiljaa. Akatisiaa potevat saattavat liikehtiä hermostuneesti, vaihtaa painoa jalalta toiselle ja hankalissa tapauksissa kävellä pakonomaisesti. Tilaan voi liittyä kauhun ja hallinnan menettämisen tunteita.[5]

Lääkityksestä johtuvaa akatisiaa hoidetaan ensisijaisesti vähentämällä tai lopettamalla sen aiheuttaneen lääkkeen käyttö. Oireisiin voidaan käyttää niitä lieventäviä lääkkeitä, kuten beetasalpaajia (esimerkiksi propranololia) tai bentsodiatsepiineja.[5]

Lääkkeitä, joilla esiintyy akatisiaa ovat jotkin dopaminergista hermovälitystä estävät lääkeaineet, kuten neuroleptit (esimerkiksi klooripromatsiini, flupentiksoli ja haloperidoli), sekä jotkut pahoinvointilääkkeet (metoklopramidi) ja vähäisessä määrin jotkin masennuslääkkeet.

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Lääkevalmisteiden pakkausselosteet - ARIPIPRAZOL KRKA laakeinfo.fi. Viitattu 29.11.2021.
  2. ↑ The clinical challenges of akathisia cambridge.org. Viitattu 29.11.2021.
  3. ↑ Tasikinesia terve.fi. Viitattu 29.11.2021.
  4. ↑ Levottomat jalat -oireyhtymä terveyskirjasto.fi.
  5. ↑ a b Lauerma, Hannu: Akatisia - lääkkeen aiheuttama levottomuustila. Duodecim, 2000, nro 116(13), s. 1383-1385.
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