Materia-balantza

Materia-balantza edo masa-balantza materiaren iraupenaren legearen ezarpenetako bat da, sistema fisikoen azterketak egiteko erabiltzen dena. Sistemara sartu eta sistematik irteten den materia-kopurua aintzat hartuz, aurrez ezezagunak ziren materia-jarioak aurkitu daitezke. Hau egiteko materiaren iraupenaren legearen (materia ez da berez sortu edo desagertzen) hainbat forma erabil daitezke.

Erabilera

Materia-balantzak ingeniaritza kimikoan eta ingurumen-jakintzetan erabiltzen dira, hala nola erreaktore kimikoen diseinuan edo aireko kutsaduraren barreiapen-ereduak egitean. Sistema fisikoaren mugak zehaztu egin behar dira, sistemara eta sistematiko sarrerak eta irteerak erraz identifikatzeko. Sistema fisiko oso baterako ezarriz gero, bere formetan orokorrena hurrengoa da:

Sistemako espezie kimiko bakoitzarentzat ere aplika daiteke:

  • Sarrera: Sistema fisikora sartzen den materia-kopurua.
  • Sorrera edo agerpena: Erreakzio kimiko bidez sistema fisikoaren barruan sortzen den espezie kimiko horren materia-kopurua.
  • Irteera: Sistema fisikoa uzten duen materia-kopurua.
  • Metaketa: Sistema fisikoaren barruan metatuz edo bilduz doan materia-kopurua.
  • Desagerpena: Erreakzio kimiko bidez sistema fisikoaren barruan desegiten den espezie kimiko horren materia-kopurua.

Erreakzio nuklearrik egon ezean sistemako guztirako atomo-kopuru totala iraunkor atxikitzen da, erreakzio kimikoa egon arren. Gainera, sistema egoera egonkorrean dagoela kontu eginez, "metaketa" terminoa huts bihurtzen da, materia-balantza sinplifikatuz.

Higidura-kantitatearen balantza, energia-balantza eta exergia-balantzekin batera ingeniaritza kimikoaren diseinuaren oinarria da materia-balantza.

Kanpo-estekak

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