Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Bizitza
JaiotzaLancaster, 1868ko uztailaren 4a
Herrialdea Ameriketako Estatu Batuak
BizilekuaLancaster
HeriotzaCambridge, 1921eko abenduaren 12a (53 urte)
Hobiratze lekuaCambridge Cemetery (en) Itzuli
Heriotza moduaberezko heriotza: minbizia
Familia
AitaRev. George Roswell Leavitt
AmaHenrietta Swan Kendrick
Familia
Hezkuntza
HeziketaRadcliffe College (en) Itzuli 1892)
Harvard Unibertsitatea
Oberlin College (en) Itzuli
Jarduerak
Jarduerakastronomoa
Enplegatzailea(k)Harvard Unibertsitatea
Harvard College Behatokia
Lan nabarmenak
KidetzaPhi Beta Kappa Elkartea
Harvardeko zenbatzaileak
American Astronomical Society
Zientziak Aurrera Egiteko Elkarte Amerikarra
American Association of University Women (en) Itzuli
American Association of Variable Star Observers (en) Itzuli
Sinesmenak eta ideologia
Erlijioakristautasun ortodoxoa
Find a Grave: 5852246 Edit the value on Wikidata

Henrietta Swan Leavittek (1868ko uztailaren 4a - 1921eko abenduaren 12a) kosmologiaren garapenean garrantzia handia izan zuen ikerlaria izan zen[1]. Bere ikerkuntzei esker, posible izan zen Galaxia kanpoko distantziak neurtzea zehaztasun handiarekin. Bere metodoa gaur egun erabiltzen jarraitzen da eta honi esker Unibertsoari buruzko ikerketa zabalagoak egin ahal izan dira.

Biografia

24 urte zituela Emakumezkoentzako Radcliffe Collegen graduatu zen eta hau Harvardeko unibertsitatearekin lotuta zegoenez, bertako "emakume kalkulatzaileen" taldean hasi zen lanean. Hauen lana argazki plakak aztertu eta kalkuloak egitea zen, lan mekanikoa eta astronomiaren munduan askorik baloratzen ez zena. Leavittek egindako lanaren errekonozimendua bere nagusiek eramaten zutren arren unibertsitatean emakume oso baloratua zen.

Zefeida izar aldakorren argazki plaketan patroi zehatza aurkitu zuen. 1912 urtean hauei buruzko liburua argitaratu zuen, Periods of 25 Variable Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud ("Magallaesen Hodei txikiko 25 izar aldakorren periodoak") izena eman zion eta hiru orri baino ez zeuzkan[2]. Edward Pickeringen izenean zegoen baina liburuaren hasieran "Leavitt andereak prestaturiko lana izan da" idatzita dago. Azterturiko 25 izar horiek pultsazio erregularra dutela esan zuen bertan eta periodoa zenbat eta luzeagoa izan barneko dizdira ere handiagoa dela adierazi zuen.

Hurrengo urtean Zefeida ezagun batzuen arteko distantziak kalkulatu zituen metodo berriak erabiliz eta Leavittek aurkituriko patroiei esker izarren arteko distantzia erlatibo eta absolutu gehiago zehaztu ahal izan ziren. Hauetan oinarrituriko metodo berriak erabiliz 1918 urtean Esne Bidearen tamaina kalkulatu zen.

Edwin Hubble izan zen Leavitten lana gainerako astronomoekin uztartu eta Andromeda galaxia erraldoia zela frogatu zuena, eta honekin unibertsoan gureaz gain galaxia ugari daudela ondorioztatu zuena. Unibertosa hedatzen ari dela esateko ere Leavitten lanetan oinarritu zen.

Ezezaguna

Leavittek ez zuen inolako sari, domina edo errekonozimendurik izan. Bere bizitzan zehar "laguntzaile" izendapena baino ez zuen izan[3]. 1921 urtean minbiziak jota hil zen. 1925 urtean Gösta Mittag-Leffler matematikari suediarrak eskutitza idatzi zion, Nobel Sarietarako proposatu nahi zuela adieraziz. Nobel Sariak ez zaizkie hildako pertsonei ematen, baina Mittag-Lefflerrek ez zekien hilda zegoenik.

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ EHU.eus: Emakumeak zientzian. Zientziaren historian zehar emakumeak izan duen garrantziaz gida didaktikoa. PDF.
  2. ↑ (Ingelesez) Leavitt, Henrietta S.; Pickering, Edward C.. (1912-03). «Periods of 25 Variable Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud.» HarCi 173: 1–3. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-01-07).
  3. ↑ Lightman, Alan. (2006). The discoveries : great breakthroughs in 20th-century science, including the original papers. (1st Vintage Books ed. edición). New York, NY: Vintage Books ISBN 978-0375713453..

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