Canyon Diablo (meteoritoa)

Aurkikuntza-data1891

Canyon Diablo edo Diablo Arroilaren meteoritoak asteroide baten hainbat zati dira, zeina Lurrean erori zen orain 50.000 bat urte, eta bertan sortu zuen Barringer kraterra (edo Meteoritoaren kraterra), Arizona estatuan, AEBetan. Kraterraren ertzean hainbat meteorito aurkitu dira, eta hurbilean dagoen Canyon Diablotik hartzen dute izena, berau kraterretik bospasei km.ra mendebalera.

Historia

Asteroidea orain 50.000 bat urte erori zen. Harrezkero, XIX. mendetik hasita, antzeman eta jaso egin dira zatiak, eta jakina da jatorrizko amerikarrek erabili egiten zituztela. XIX. mende bukaeran hasi eta XX. mende erdira bitartean, Barringer kraterra ika-mika luze baten abiapuntua izan zen bolkanismoaren ebidentziarik ez zuten kraterren inguruan. Eztabaida 1960an itxi zen, Eugene Shoemaker-ek kraterraren inguruan egindako azterketari esker.[1]

1953an Clair Cameron Pattersonek neurtu zituen berun-isotopoen ratioak meteoritoaren lagin batzuetan. Ondorioz, izugarri zehaztu zen Lurraren adina, zeina baita 4.550 milioi urtekoa (± 70 milioi urte), alegia, 70 milioi urteko errakuntza-tarte batekin.[2]

Konposizioa eta sailkapena

Meteorito hau da burdin-oktaedrita bat, eta ondoko mea hauek ditu:

  • Kohenita - burdina karburoa.
  • Kromita - burdina magnesioa kromioa oxidoa
  • Daubrealita - burdina kromioa sulfidoa
  • Diamantea eta lonsdaleita - karbonoa
  • Grafitoa - karbonoa
  • Haxonita - burdina nikela karburoa
  • Kamazita - burdina eta nikel aleazioa
  • Oinarrizko metalen sulfuroak
  • Schreibersita - burdina nikela fosfuroa
  • Taenita - burdina eta nikel aleazioa
  • Troilita - pirrotita mearen burdin sulfuroaren barietatea
  • Moissanita - silizio karbuaren barietatea, mea naturalen artean bigarren gogorrena

Zatiak

"Holsinger Meteoritoa", aurkitutako zatirik handiena, Canyon Diablo meteoritoarena
Mateoritoaren zati txiki baten (90 mm) adibidea

Sekula aurkitu den zatirik handiena da Holsinger meteoritoa, 639 kilokoa, eta gaur egun ikusgai dago bertako bisitarien gunean, kraterraren ertzean. Beste zati ospetsuak:

  • 485 kg, Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, Zeelanda Berria. Zatirik handiena AEBetatik kanpo.[3]
  • 360 kg, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Paris.
  • 242,6 kg, Lowell Observatory Flagstaff herrian, Arizonan.
  • 225,9 kg, Academy of Natural Sciences, Drexel Unibertsitatean, Filadelfia, Pennsylvania.
  • 194 kg, Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin.
  • 162 kg, Meteorite Museum, Kaliforniako Unibertsitatea, Los Angeles.
  • 145 kg, Geology Museum, Wisconsingo Unibertsitatea - Madison, Wisconsin.
  • 136 kg, Franklin Institute, Filadelfia.
  • 122 kg, Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, Kalifornia.
  • 179 kg, Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, Kalifornia.
  • 100 kg, California Academy of Sciences, San Frantzisko.
  • 54 kg, Newark Museum, Newark, New Jersey.
  • 28 kg, Peoria Riverfront Museum, Dome Planetarium, Peoria, Illinois.
  • 22 kg, Basket Meteorite, Meteor Crater Museum, Arizona.
  • 19 kg, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Filadelfia.

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ Levy, David H.. (2002). Shoemaker by Levy : the man who made an impact. Princeton University Press ISBN 0691113254. PMC 50715373. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-04-06).
  2. ↑ «ScienceDirect» www.sciencedirect.com (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-04-06).
  3. ↑ (Ingelesez) «Canyon Diablo Meteorite; MET16 on eHive» eHive (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-04-06).

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