Adar asintotiko erraldoi

Hertzsprung-Russell diagraman irudikatutako masa ezberdinetako izarren eboluzioa. Adar asintotiko erraldoia RAG bezala adierazita dago 2 eguzki masako izar batentzat.

Adar asintotiko erraldoia (RAG, ingelesez: asymptotic giant branch) masa ertaineko (0,5 eta 9 edo 10 eguzki masa) izar guztiek euren bizitzaren amaieran izaten duten izar eboluzioaren periodo bat da. Izar batek bere nukleoko hidrogeno guztia agortzen duenean, hau uzkurtu egiten da bere tenperatura handitzen den bitartean, bere kanpo geruzak hedatu eta hoztea eragiten duena. Hala, izarra erraldoi gorri bihurtzen da.

Une jakin batean, nukleoan tenperatura 3x108 kelvinera iristen denean, helioa erretzen hasten da. Honek, izarraren argitasuna gutxitu eta uzkurtzea eragiten du: hori da pilaketa gorria deritzon fasea (metaltasun handiko izarrak) edo adar horizontala (metaltasun txikiko izarrak). Behin nukleoan helioa agortzen denean, izarra berriz eskuinera eta gora mugitzen da Hertzsprung-Russell diagraman. Bere ibilbidea aurretik erraldoi gorri bezala jarraitu zuenarekin ia lerrokatua dago. Hortik adar asintotiko erraldoi izena.

Adar asintotiko erraldoi fasea bi zatitan banatzen da. Goiztiarra eta pultsu termikoduna. Zati goiztiarrean energia iturri nagusia helioaren fusioa da, berriz egoera endekatuan dagoen karbono eta oxigenozko nukleo hil baten inguruko geruza baten. Fase honetan zehar izarra zenbait unitate astronomikoko tamaina erraldoira iritsi arte hoztu eta puzten da. Bere inguruan planetarik egonez gero, izarrak hauek xurga ditzake. Inguruko geruzako helioa agortzen denean hasten da pultsu termikodun zatia. Hor, izarrak bere energia are kanporago dagoen geruza batean hidrogenoa helioan fusionatzetik lortzen du. Hala ere, 10.000 edo 100.000 urtetik behin, helio erretze geruza berriz pizten da eta hidrogenoarena pizten da, heliozko flasha bezala ezagutzen den prozesu bat. Flash hauek denbora erlatiboki gutxi irauten dute, baina izarraren barne egituran ezegonkortasun handia sortzea lortzen dute. Ezegonkortasun horren ondorio bezala, dragatzea deritzon prozesu bat hasten da, non nukleoan birprozesatutako materiala izarraren azalera bidaltzen den. Hala, izar horiek euren azalean s prozesuaren produktuak erakusten dituzte, horien artean teknezioa (hau da elementu hau ikus daitekeen naturako toki urrietako bat eta isotopo egonkorrik ez duena). Pultsu termikoekin lotutako jarraikako dragatzeen ondorio bezala izarra karbonozko izar bihur daiteke.

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