Maoliste klassifikatsioon
Aristotelest peetakse esimeseks kes püüdis loomi (sh madusid) bioloogiliselt klassifitseerida (Historia Animalium ).[ 1]
Varem on kasutatud mitmeid maoliste klassifikatsioone[ 2] :
Linnaeuse klassifikatsioon
1758 klassifitseeris Linnaeus maolised (Serpentes ), peamiselt välisvormi järgi, kolmeks perekonnaks ja 200 maoliigiks; osade autorite arvates aga 6 perekonnaks: Crotalus , Boa , Coluber ,Anguis , Amphisbaena , Caecilia ;[ 3]
A.M.C. Dumérili ja A.H.A. Dumérili klassifikatsioon
Cope'i klassifikatsioon
Edward Drinker Cope (1840 –1897 ) uuris madude sugulussuhteid morfoloogia kaudu: selgroolülid , kopsud ja hemipeenise morfoloogia jm. Postuumselt ilmunud teoses: "The Crocodilians, Lizards and Snakes of North America" , (Government Printing Office, 1900 ) olevat ta klassifitseerinud maolised (Serpentes ) algselt viide alamseltsi :
Epanodonta (pimemadulased Typhlopidae )
Catodonta (ahassuumadulased Leptotyphlopidae )
Tortricina (rullmadulased Aniliidae , silindermadulased Cylindrophiidae , kilpsabalased Uropeltidae )
Scolenoglypha (rästiklased Viperidae )
Colubroidea (kõik ülejäänud maod,v.a rästiklased). Alamseltsi Colubroidea kuulusid omakorda Aglyphodonta , Glyphodonta ja Proteroglypha .
Cope'i klassifikatsioon (mürkmaod kaldkirjas)[ 5] :
Ülemsugukond : Epanodonta
Sugukond ja alamsugukond: Typhlopidae
Catodonta
Tortricina
Ilysiidae
Rhinophidae.
Peropoda
Boidae
Charinidae
Ungaliidae
Alamselts Colubroidea
Aglyphodonta
Xenopeltidae
Nothopidae (Acrochordinae, Nothopinae)
Colubridae (Calamarinae, Xenodontinae, Dromicinae, Colubrinae, Leptognathinae, Anoplophallinae, Lycodontinae, Natricinae
Glyphodonta
Dipsadida (Erythrolamprina , Scytalina, Dipsadina, Homalopsina )
Proteroglypha (Najida , Elapida , Dendraspidida
Platycerca
Solenoglypha
Atractaspidida
Causida
Viperida
Crotalida (Lachesina , Crotalina ).
Boulengeri klassifikatsioon
Boulengeri Ophidia seltsi klassifikatsioon (mürkmaod on kaldkirjas)[ 6] :
Typhlopidae
Glauconidae
Ilysiidae
Uropeltidae
Boidae (Pythoninae, Boinae)
Xenopeltidae
Amblycephalidae
Colubridae
Aglyph (Acrochordinae, Colubrinae, Rhachiodontinae)
Ophistoglyph (Dipsadomorphina , Elachistodontina , Homalopsina )
Pteroglyph (Elapina , Hydrophiina )
Viperida (Viperina , Crotalina ).
Boulenger klassifitseeris Euroopas elavad maod roomajate klassi seltsina nelja sugukonda (ka perekondadesse, liikidesse)[ 7] :
(Typhlopidae )
(Boidae )
Colubridae
(Viperidae ).
Hoffstetteri klassifikatsioon
Roomajate andmebaasi klassifikatsioon
Maoliste alamseltsi klassifitseeritakse roomajate andmebaasis kuni perekondadeni järgmiselt[ 8] :
Ülemsugukond Acrochordoidea
Ülemsugukond Uropeltoidea
Dasypeltis scabra
Gonyosoma oxycephalum
Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides
Mastigodryas boddaerti
Opheodrys aestivus
Rhinechis scalaris
Telescopus semiannulatus
Aeluroglena Boulenger, 1898
Ahaetulla Link, 1807 (pronksmadu )
Aprosdoketophis Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010
Archelaphe Schulz, Böhme & Tillack, 2011
Argyrogena Werner, 1924
Arizona Kennicott, 1859
Bamanophis Schätti & Trape, 2008
Bogertophis Dowling & Price, 1988
Boiga Fitzinger, 1826 (boiga )
Cemophora Cope, 1860
Chapinophis Campbell & Smith, 1998
Chilomeniscus Cope, 1860
Chionactis Cope, 1860
Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 (metsamadu )
Chrysopelea Boie, 1827 (puumadu )
Coelognathus Fitzinger, 1843
Coluber Linnaeus, 1758 (vilbasnastik )
Colubroelaps Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Thien Tao & Quang Truong, 2009
Conopsis Günther, 1858
Coronella Laurenti, 1768 (silenastik )
Crotaphopeltis Fitzinger, 1843
Cyclophiops Boulenger, 1888
Dasypeltis (munamadu )
Dendrelaphis (puunastik )
Dendrophidion
Dipsadoboa
Dispholidus
Dolichophis
Drymarchon (goferinastik )
Drymobius
Drymoluber
Dryocalamus
Dryophiops
Eirenis (eireenis )
Elachistodon
Elaphe (roninastik )
Euprepiophis
Ficimia
Geagras
Gonyophis
Gonyosoma
Gyalopion
Hapsidophrys
Hemerophis
Hemorrhois
Hierophis
Lampropeltis (kuningmadu )
Leptodrymus
Leptophis (peenmadu )
Lepturophis
Limnophis
Liopeltis
Lycodon (kihvmadu )
Lytorhynchus (teravkoonnastik )
Macroprotodon
Mastigodryas
Meizodon
Muhtarophis
Oligodon (vähehammasmadu )
Oocatochus
Opheodrys
Oreocryptophis
Orientocoluber
Orthriophis
Oxybelis (teravpeamadu )
Pantherophis
Philothamnus
Phyllorhynchus
Pituophis
Platyceps
Pliocercus
Pseudelaphe
Pseudoficimia
Pseustes
Ptyas (suursilmmadu )
Rhamnophis
Rhinechis
Rhinobothryum
Rhinocheilus
Rhynchocalamus (sulgkärssmadu )
Salvadora
Scaphiophis
Scolecophis
Senticolis
Simophis
Sonora
Spalerosophis
Spilotes (kanasööjamadu )
Stegonotus
Stenorrhina
Symphimus
Sympholis
Tantilla
Tantillita
Telescopus (kassmadu )
Thelotornis (liaanimadu )
Thrasops
Toxicodryas
Trimorphodon
Xenelaphis
Xyelodontophis
Zamenis
Dipsadinae (jämepeamadulased )
Alsophis antillensis
Carphophis amoenus
Clelia clelia
Contia tenuis
Farancia erytrogramma
Hypsiglena torquata jani
Imantodes cenchoa
Ninia atrata
Rhadinaea flavilata
Adelphicos Jan, 1862
Alsophis Fitzinger, 1843
Amastridium Cope, 1861
Amnesteophis Myers, 2011
Apostolepis Cope, 1861
Arrhyton Günther, 1858
Atractus Wagler, 1828
Boiruna Zaher, 1996
Borikenophis Hedges & Vidal, 2009
Caaeteboia Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
Calamodontophis Amaral, 1963
Caraiba Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
Carphophis Gervais, 1843
Cercophis Fitzinger, 1843
Chersodromus Reinhardt, 1861
Clelia Fitzinger, 1826
Coniophanes Hallowell, 1860
Conophis Peters, 1860
Contia Girard, 1853
Coronelaps Lema & Deiques, 2010
Crisantophis Villa, 1971
Cryophis Bogert & Duellman, 1963
Cubophis Hedges & Vidal, 2009
Diadophis Girard, 1853 (kaelusmadu )
Diaphorolepis Jan, 1863
Dipsas Laurenti, 1768 (jämepeamadu )
Ditaxodon Hoge, 1958
Drepanoides Dunn, 1928
Echinanthera Cope, 1894
Elapomorphus Wiegmann, 1843
Emmochliophis Fritts & Smith, 1969
Enuliophis McCran & Villa, 1993
Enulius Cope, 1870
Erythrolamprus Wagler, 1830
Eutrachelophis Myers & McDowell, 2014
Farancia Gray, 1842 (mudamadu )
Geophis Wagler, 1830
Gomesophis Hoge & Mertens, 1959
Haitiophis Hedges & Vidal, 2009
Helicops Wagler, 1828 (kõõrdsilmmadu )
Heterodon Latreille, 1801 (kärssmadu )
Hydrodynastes Fitzinger, 1843
Hydromorphus Peters, 1859
Hydrops Wagler, 1830
Hypsiglena Cope, 1860
Hypsirhynchus Günther, 1858
Ialtris Cope, 1862
Imantodes Dumeril, 1853
Leptodeira Fitzinger, 1843
Lioheterophis Amaral, 1935
Lygophis Fitzinger, 1843
Magliophis Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
Manolepis Cope, 1885
Mussurana Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
Ninia Baird & Girard, 1853
Nothopsis Cope, 1871
Omoadiphas Köhler, Wilson & Mccranie, 2001
Oxyrhopus Wagler, 1830
Paraphimophis Grazziotin, Zaher, Murphy, Scrocchi, Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto, 2012
Phalotris Cope, 1862
Philodryas Wagler, 1830
Phimophis Cope, 1860
Plesiodipsas Harvey, Fuenmayor, Portilla & Rueda-Almonacid, 2008
Pseudalsophis Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801
Pseudoeryx Fitzinger, 1826
Pseudoleptodeira Taylor, 1938
Pseudotomodon Koslowski, 1896
Psomophis Myers & Cadle, 1994
Ptychophis Gomes, 1915
Rhachidelus Boulenger, 1908
Rhadinaea Cope, 1863
Rhadinella Smith, 1941
Rhadinophanes Myers & Campbell, 1981
Rodriguesophis Grazziotin, Zaher, Murphy, Scrocchi, Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto, 2012
Saphenophis Myers, 1973
Sibon Fitzinger, 1826
Sibynomorphus Fitzinger, 1843
Siphlophis Fitzinger, 1843
Sordellina Procter, 1923
Synophis Peracca 1896
Tachymenis Wiegmann, 1835
Taeniophallus Cope, 1895
Tantalophis Duellman, 1958
Thalesius Xenodon
Thamnodynastes Wagler, 1830
Thermophis Malnate, 1953
Tomodon Duméril, 1853
Tretanorhinus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854
Trimetopon Cope, 1885
Tropidodipsas Gunther, 1858
Tropidodryas Fitzinger, 1843
Uromacer Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
Uromacerina Amaral, 1929
Urotheca Bibron, 1843
Xenodon Boie, 1826
Xenopholis Peters, 1869
Grayiinae
Scaphiodontophiinae (insertae cedis [ 13] )
Sibynophiinae
Homalopsidae (veemadulased )[ 14] :
Bitia Gray, 1842
Brachyorrhos Kuhl, 1826
Calamophis Meyer, 1874
Cantoria Girard, 1857
Cerberus Cuvier, 1829 (koerpeamadu )
Dieurostus Berg, 1901
Djokoiskandarus Murphy, 2011
Enhydris Sonnini & Latreille, 1802
Erpeton Lacépède, 1800 (kombitsmadu )
Ferania Gray, 1842
Fordonia Gray, 1837
Gerarda Gray, 1849
Gyiophis Murphy & Voris, 2014
Heurnia Jong, 1926
Homalophis Peters, 1871
Homalopsis Kuhl & Hasselt, 1822
Hypsiscopus Fitzinger , 1843
Karnsophis Murphy & Voris 2013
Kualatahan Murphy & Voris, 2014
Mintonophis Murphy & Voris, 2014
Miralia Gray, 1842
Myron Gray, 1849
Myrrophis Kumar, Sanders, Sanil & Murphy, 2012
Phytolopsis Gray, 1849
Pseudoferania Ogilby, 1891
Raclitia Gray, 1842
Subsessor Murphy & Voris, 2014
Sumatranus Murphy & Voris, 2014
Lamprophiidae
Natricidae [ 16]
Amphiesma vibakari
rästiknastik (Natrix maura )
Rhabdophis tigrinus
Thamnophis atratus
Adelophis Dugès, 1879
Afronatrix Rossman & Eberle, 1977
Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
Amphiesmoides Malnate, 1961
Anoplohydrus Werner, 1909
Aspidura Wagler, 1830
Atretium Cope, 1861
Balanophis Smith, 1938
Clonophis Cope, 1889
Haldea Baird & Girard, 1853
Hebius Thompson, 1913
Herpetoreas Günther, 1860
Hologerrhum Günther, 1858
Hydrablabes Boulenger , 1891
Hydraethiops Günther, 1872
Iguanognathus Boulenger, 1898
Liodytes Cope, 1885
Limnophis Günther, 1865
Lycognathophis Boulenger, 1893
Macropisthodon Boulenger, 1893
Natriciteres Loveridge, 1953
Natrix Laurenti, 1768 (nastik )
Nerodia Baird & Girard, 1853
Opisthotropis Günther, 1872
Parahelicops Bourret, 1934
Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934
Paratapinophis Angel, 1929
Regina Baird & Girard, 1853
Rhabdophis (tiigernastik ) Fitzinger , 1843
Sinonatrix Rossman & Eberle, 1977
Storeria Baird & Girard, 1853
Thamnophis Fitzinger, 1843 (tripimadu )
Trachischium Günther, 1858
Tropidoclonion Cope, 1860
Tropidonophis Jan, 1863
Virginia Baird & Girard, 1853
Xenochrophis Günther, 1864
Pseudoxenodontidae
Elapidae
[ 17] (mürknastiklased )
Aipysurus laevis
Must mamba
Oxyoranus
Micrurus tener
kuningkobra (Ophiophagus hannah )
Hemachatus haemachatus
Oxyuranus microlepidotus
perekond Acanthophis Daudin, 1803 (surmarästik )
Antaioserpens Wells & Wellington, 1985
Aspidelaps Fitzinger, 1843 (kilpkobra)
Aspidomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (ebaaspiid )
Austrelaps Worrell, 1963
Brachyurophis Günther, 1863
Bungarus Daudin, 1803 (krait)
Cacophis Günther, 1863
Calliophis Gray, 1835 (kaunismadu)
Cryptophis Worrell, 1961
Demansia Gray, 1842 (pruunmadu )
Dendroaspis Schlegel, 1848 (mamba)
Denisonia Krefft, 1869 (denisoonia )
'Drysdalia Worrell, 1961
Echiopsis Fitzinger, 1843
Elapognathus Boulenger , 1896
Elapsoidea Bocage, 1866 (tripiaspiid )
Furina Dumeril, 1853
Hemachatus Fleming, 1822
Hemiaspis Fitzinger, 1861
Hemibungarus Peters, 1862
Hoplocephalus Wagler, 1830
Loveridgelaps McDowell, 1970
Micropechis Boulenger, 1896
Micruroides Schmidt, 1928
Micrurus Wagler, 1824
Naja Laurenti, 1768 (kobra)
Notechis Boulenger, 1896
Ogmodon Peters, 1864
Ophiophagus Günther, 1864
Oxyuranus Kinghorn, 1923
Parapistocalamus Roux, 1934
Parasuta Worrell, 1961
Paroplocephalus Keogh, Scott & Scanlon, 2000
Pseudechis Wagler, 1830
Pseudohaje Günther, 1858 (puukobra )
Pseudonaja Günther, 1858
Rhinoplocephalus Muller, 1885
Salomonelaps McDowell, 1970
Simoselaps Jan, 1859
Sinomicrurus Slowinski, Boundy & Lawson 2001
Suta Worrell, 1961
Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896
Tropidechis Günther, 1863
Vermicella Gray, 1858
Walterinnesia Lataste, 1887
Hydrophiinae (merimadulased )
alamsugukond Laticaudinae Cope, 1879
Laticauda colubrina
Harilik rästik
Kare puurästik
Rombiline kärnrästik
Typhlopoidea (Scolecophidia )
Anomalepididae
Gerrhopilidae
Leptotyphlopidae Stejneger , 1892 (ahassuumadulased )
Epictinae Hedges , Adalsteinsson & Branch in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape , Vitt & Hedges, 2009
Epictia Gray, 1845
Mitophis Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, 2009
Rena Baird & Girard, 1853
Rhinoleptus Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Estève & Guibé, 1970
Siagonodon Peters, 1881
Tetracheilostoma Jan, 1861
Tricheilostoma Jan, 1860
Trilepida Hedges, 2011
Leptotyphlopinae Stejneger , 1892
Typhlopidae Merrem , 1820
(pimemadulased )[ 18]
Afrotyphlopinae Hedges , Marion , Lipp , Marin & Vidal , 2014
Asiatyphlopinae Hedges , Marion , Lipp , Marin & Vidal , 2014
Acutotyphlops Wallach, 1995
Anilios Gray, 1845
Asiatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014
Cyclotyphlops Bosch & Ineich, 1994
Grypotyphlops Peters, 1881
Indotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014
Malayotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014
Ramphotyphlops Fitzinger , 1843
Sundatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014
Xerotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014
Madatyphlopinae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014
Typhlopinae Merrem , 1820
Amerotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014
Antillotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014
Cubatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014
Typhlops Oppel , 1811 (pimemadu )
Xenotyphlopidae Vidal , Vences , Branch & Hedges in Vidal, Marin , Morini , Donnellan , Branch, Thomas , Vences, Wynn , Cruaud & Hedges, 2010
Järgmised sugukonnad (koos perekondadega) on roomajate andmebaasis käesoleval ajal ülemsugukondadesse klassifitseerimata:
incertae sedis
Järgmised Colubridae sugukonna maoperekonnad on roomajate andmebaasis käesoleval ajal alamsugukondadesse klassifitseerimata:
incertae sedis
Blythia Theobald, 1868
Cyclocorus Duméril, 1853
Elapoidis Boie, 1827
Gongylosoma Fitzinger , 1843
Helophis de Witte & Laurent, 1942
Myersophis Taylor, 1963
Oreocalamus Boulenger , 1899
Poecilopholis Boulenger , 1903
Rhabdops Boulenger , 1893
Tetralepis Boettger, 1892 .
Ohulähedased (osaline)
Väljasurnud maod (koos taksonitega – osaline)
†Acrochordus dehmi
†Albaneryx Hoffstetter & Rage 1972 , prk, sgk boalased
†Alamitophis Albino 1986 , prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae
†Alamitophis argentinus Albino, 1986
†Alamitophis elongatus Vasile jt. 2013
†Alamitophis tingamarra Scanlon, 2005
?Alsophis melanichnus
†Alsophis sanctaecrucis (IUCN-i staatus EX )
†Ameiseophis Holman, 1976 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Ameiseophis robinsoni Holman, 1976
†Anomalophiidae [ 20] Auffenberg, 1959
†Anomalophis Auffenberg, 1959
†Anomalophis bolcensis Massalongo, 1859 [ 21] </ref>
†Bavarioboa Szyndlar & Schleich, 1993
†Bitis olduvaiensis Rage , 1973
†Bransateryx Hoffstetter & Rage, 1972 , prk, sgk boalased
†Bransateryx vireti Hoffstetter & Rage, 1972
†Boavus Marsh, 1871
†Boavus affinis Brattstrom, 1955 [ 22]
?Bolyeria , prk
†Bolyeria multocarinata (IUCN-i staatus EX )
†Cadurceryx Hoffstetter ja Rage, 1972 , prk, sgk boalased
†Caduceryx filholi Hoffstetter ja Rage, 1972
†Cadurcoboa Rage, 1978 , prk, sgk boalased
†Cadurcoboa insolita Rage, 1978
†Calamagras Cope, 1873
†Calamagras angulatus Cope, 1873
†Calamagras floridanus Auffenberg, 1963
†Calamagras gallicus Rage, 1977
†Calamagras murivorus Cope, 1873
†Calamagras platyspondyla Holman, 1976
†Calamagras primus Hecht, 1959
†Calamagras talpivorus Cope, 1873
†Calamagras truxalis Cope, 1873
†Calamagras turkestanicus Danilov ja Averianov, 1999
†Calamagras weigeli Holman, 1972
†Charina prebottae Brattstrom, 1958 sgk boalased [ 23]
†Cheilophis Gilmore, 1938 , prk, sgk boalased
†Cheilophis huerfanoensis Gilmore, 1938 , sgk boalased
†Coniophidae Hoffstetter, 1955 , sgk
†Coniophis Marsh, 1892 , prk
†Coniophis carinatus McGrew jt. 1959
†Coniophis cosgriffi Armstrong-Ziegler, 1978
†Coniophis platycarinatus McGrew jt. 1959
†Coniophis precedens Marsh, 1892
†Dakotaophis Holman, 1976 , sgk Colubridae
†Daunophis Swinton, 1926 , sgk boalased
†Dawsonophis Holman, 1979 , sgk boalased
†Diadophis elinorae Auffenberg, 1963 , sgk Colubridae [ 24]
†Dinilysiidae sgk
†Dinilysia Woodward, 1901 , prk
†Dinilysia patagonica Woodward, 1901
†Dryinoides Auffenberg, 1958 sgk Carphophiidae
†Dryinoides oxyrhachis Auffenberg, 1958
†Dunnophis , prk Hecht, 1959 sgk Trapidophiidae
†Dunnophis cadurcensis Rage, 1974
†Dunnophis matronensis Rage, 1973
†Dunnophis microechinus McGrew jt. 1959
†Elaphe kormosi Bolkay, 1913 sgk Colubridae
†Eoanilius Rage, 1974 sgk Aniliidae )
†Eoanilius europae Rage, 1974
†Eoanilius oligocenicus Szyndlar, 1994
†Eunectes stirtoni Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977
†Eupodophis Rage & Escuillié, 2001 , prk (jäsemed) (†Pachyophiidae')
†Eupodophis descouensi Rage and Escuillié, 2000
†Falseryx Szyndlar & Rage, 2003
†Falseryx neervelpensis Szyndlar jt. 2008
†Falseryx petersbuchi Szyndlar & Rage, 2003
†Floridaophis Holman, 1999 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Floridaophis auffenbergi Holman, 1999
†Gaimanophis Albino, 1996 prk, sgk boalased
†Gaimanophis tenuis Albino, 1996
†Gigantophis Andrews, 1901 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae
†Gigantophis garstini Andrews, 1901
†Haasiophis Tchernov jt., 2000 , prk (jäsemed)
†Haasiophis terrasanctus Tchernov jt. 2000
†Hechtophis Rage, 2001 prk, sgk boalased
†Hechtophis austrinus Rage, 2001
†Herensugea Rage, 1996 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae
†Herensugea caristiorum Rage, 1996
†Heterodon brevis Auffenberg, 1963 , prk Heterodon
†Heterodon plionasicus J.A. Peters, 1953
†Hierophis arcuatus H.Meyer, 1845
†Hierophis cadurci Rage, 1974
†Hierophis caspioides Szyndlar & Schleich, 1993
†Hierophis dolnicensis Szyndlar, 1987
†Hierophis freybergi G.Brunner, 1954
†Hierophis hungaricus Bolkay, 1913
†Hierophis poucheti Rochebrune, 1880
†Hierophis robertmertensi Mlynarski, 1964
†Huberophis Holman 1977 , prk, sgk boalased
†Huberophis georgiensis Holman, 1977
†Incongruelaps Scanlon, Lee & Archer, 2003 (Elapidae)
†Incongruelaps iteratus Scanlon, Lee & Archer, 2003
†Indophis Rage ja Prasad, 1992 , prk
†Indophis sahnii Rage ja Prasad, 1992
†Itaboraiophis Rage, 2011 (Booidea incertae sedis )
†Itaboraiophis depressus Rage, 2011
†Kataria Scanferla et al. 2013 . pr
†Kataria anisodonta Scanferla jt. 2013
†Kelyophis LaDuke jt., 2010 , prk
†Kelyophis hechti LaDuke jt., 2010
†Lampropeltis similis Holman, 1964
†Lapparentophiidae sgk
†Lapparentophis Hoffstetter, 1960
†Lapparentophis defrennei Hoffstetter, 1960
†Macrovipera burgenlandica (Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1987)
†Macrovipera gedulyi Bolkay, 1913
†Macrovipera kuchurganica (Zerova in Zerova, Lungu & Chkhikvadze, 1987)
†Macrovipera ukrainica Zerova, 1992
†Madtsoiidae sgk
†Madtsoia Simpson, 1933 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae
†Madtsoia bai Simpson, 1933
†Madtsoia camposi Rage, 1998
†Madtsoia madagascariensis Hoffstetter, 1961
†Madtsoia pisdurensis Mohabey jt. 2011
†Malpolon laurenti (Depéret, 1897)
†Malpolon mlynarskii Szyndlar, 1988
†Menarana LaDuke jt. 2010 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae
†Menarana laurasiae Rage, 1996
†Menarana nosymena LaDuke jt. 2010
†Micronatrix Parmley ja Hunter, 2010 prk, sgk Colubridae
††Micronatrix juliescottae Parmley ja Hunter, 2010
†Messelophis , prk
†Miocoluber Parmley, 1988 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Miocoluber dalquesti Parmley, 1988
†Mionatrix Sun, 1961 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Mionatrix diatomus Sun, 1961
†Najash , prk Apesteguía & Zaher, 2006 (jäsemed)
†Najash rionegrina , Apesteguía & Zaher, 2006
†Nanowana Scanlon 1997 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae
†Nanowana godthelpi Scanlon, 1997
†Nanowana schrenki Scanlon, 1997
†Natrix longivertebrata Szyndlar, 1984
†Natrix merkurensis Ivanov, 2002
†Natrix mlynarskii Rage, 1988
†Natrix sansaniensis (Lartet, 1851) [ 25]
†Neurodromicus Cope, 1873 prk, sgk boalased
†Neurodromicus dorsalis Cope, 1873
†Nessovophis Averianov, 1997 prk
†Nessovophis zhylga Averianov, 1997
†Nidophis Vasile jt. 2013 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae
†Nidophis insularis Vasile jt. 2013
†Nigerophiidae Rage, 1975 [ 26]
†Nigerophis Rage, 1975 prk
†Nigerophis mirus Rage, 1975
†Nubianophis Rage ja Werner 1999 , prk
†Nubianophis afaahus Rage ja Werner 1999
† Ogmophis Cope, 1885
† Ogmophis voorhiesi Holman, 1977
†Pachyophiidae sgk
†Pachyrhachis sgk (jäsemed)
†Palaeophis Owen, 1841 prk, sgk Palaeophiidae
†Palaeophis africanus Andrews, 1924
†Palaeophis casei Holman, 1982
†Palaeophis colossaeus Rage, 1983
†Palaeophis ferganicus Averianov, 1997
†Palaeophis grandis Marsh, 1869
†Palaeophis halidanus Cope, 1868
†Palaeophis littoralis Cope, 1847
†Palaeophis maghrebianus Arambourg, 1952
†Palaeophis nessovi Averianov, 1997
†Palaeophis tamdy Averianov, 1997
†Palaeophis toliapicus Owen, 1841
†Palaeophis typhaeus Owen, 1850
†Palaeophis vastaniensis Bajpai ja Head, 2008
†Palaeophis virginianus Lynn, 1934
†Palaeophis zhylan
†Palaeophis zhylga (Averianov, 1997)
†Palaeopython Rochebrune, 1880 prk, sgk boalased
†Palaeopython cadurcensis
†Palaeopython ceciliensis Barnes, 1927
†Palaeopython filholii Rochebrune, 1880
†Palaeopython fischeri Schaal, 2004
†Palaeopython neglectus Rochebrune, 1884
†Palefarancia Auffenberg, 1963 prk, sgk Carphophiidae
†Palefarancia brevispinosus Auffenberg, 1963
†Paleoheterodon Holman 1964 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Paleoheterodon arcuatus Rage ja Holman, 1984
†Paleoheterodon tiheni Holman, 1964
†Paleryx Owen, 1850 prk, sgk boalased
†Paracoluber Holman, 1970 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Paracoluber storeri Holman, 1970
†Patagoniophis Albino, 1986 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae [ 27]
†Patagoniophis australiensis Scanlon, 2005
†Patagoniophis parvus Albino, 1986
†Paulacoutophis Rage, 2011 prk, ülemsugukond Booidea (incertae sedis )
†Paulacoutophis perplexus Rage, 2011
†Platyceps planicarinatus Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1985
†Platyspondylia Rage 1974 , prk
†Platyspondylia germanica Szyndlar & Rage, 2003
†Platyspondylia lepta Rage, 1974
†Platyspondylia sudrei Rage, 1988
†Plesiotortrix Rochebrune, 1884 prk, sgk boalased [ 28]
†Plesiotortrix edwardsi Rochebrune, 1884
†Pollackophis Holman, 1998 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Pollackophis depressus Holman, 1998
†Pouitella Rage, 1988 prk, sgk †Lapparentophiidae
†Pouitella pervetus Rage, 1988
†Procerophis Rage jt., 2008 [ 29]
†Procerophis sahnii Rage jt., 2008 [ 30]
†Proptychnophis Whistler & Wrigth, 1989 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Proptychnophis achoris Whistler & Wrigth, 1989
†Pterygoboa Holman, 1976 prk, sgk boalased
†Pterygoboa delawarensis Holman, 1998
†Pterygoboa miocenica Holman, 1976
†Python europaeus Szydlar & Rage, 2003
†Python maurus Rage, 1976
†Rionegrophis Albino, 1986 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae
†Rionegrophis madtsoioides Albino, 1986
†Rottophis Szyndler & Böhme, 1996 prk, sgk Tropidophiidae
†Rottophis atavus H.Meyer ,1885
†Russellophiidae Rage, 1978
†Russellophis Rage, 1975 prk, sgk Russellophiidae
†Russellophis crassus Rage jt., 2008 [ 31]
†Russellophis tenuis Rage, 1975
†Sanajeh Wilson jt., 2010 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae
†Sanajeh indicus Wilson jt., 2010
†Seismophis Hsiou jt., 2013 , prk
†Seismophis septentrionalis Hsiou jt., 2013
†Sivaophis Head, 2005
†Sivaophis downsi Head, 2005
†Russellophis Rage, 1975
†Tallahattaophis Holman, 1988
†Texasophis Holman 1977 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Texasophis bohemiacus Szyndler, 1987
†Texasophis fossilis Holman, 1977
†Texasophis galbreathy Holman, 1984
†Texasophis hecki M.Böhme, 2008
†Texasophis meini Rage & Holman, 1984
†Texasophis wilsoni Holman, 1984
†Thaumastophis Rage jt., 2008 [ 30]
†Thaumastophis missiaeni Rage jt., 2008 [ 32]
†Titanoboa , prk, sgk boalased
†Titanoboa cerrejonensis , Head , Bloch , Hastings , Bourque , Cadena , Herrera , Polly & Jaramillo , 2009
†Totlandophis Holman & Harrison, 1998 prk, sgk boalased
†Totlandophis americanus Holman & Harrison, 2001
†Totlandophis thomasae Holman & Harrison, 1998
†Tregophis Holman 1975 prk, sgk boalased
†Tregophis brevirachis Holman 1975
†Typhlops cariei (IUCN-i staatus EX )
†Vectophis Rage & Ford, (1980) prk
†Vectophis wardi Rage & Ford, (1980) prk
†Vipera antiqua Szyndlar, 1987
†Vipera burgenlandica Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1987
†Vipera gedulyi Bolkay, 1913
†Vipera maghrebiana Rage, 1976
†Vipera maxima Szyndlar 1988
†Vipera natiensis Bailon jt., 2002
†Vipera platyspondyla Zyndlar, 1987
†Waincophis Albino 1987 prk, sgk boalased [ 33]
†Waincophis australis Albino, 1987
†Waincophis cameratus Rage, 2001
†Waincophis pressulus Rage, 2001
†Wonambi Smith 1976 prk, sgk † Madtsoiidae
†Wonambi barriei Scanlon ja Lee, 2000
†Wonambi naracoortensis Smith, 1976
†Woutersophis Rage, 1980 , prk
†Woutersophis novus Rage, 1980
†Zamenis algorensis (Szyndlar, 1985a)
†Zamenis kohfidischi Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1985
†Zamenis paralongissimus (Szyndlar, 1984a)
†Zamenis praelongissima (Venczel, 1994)
†Zelceophis Szyndlar 1984 prk, sgk Colubridae
†Zelceophis xenos Szyndlar, 1984
†Yurlunggur Scanlon, 1992 prk, sgk † Madtsoiidae
†Yurlunggur camfieldensis Scanlon, 1992
Viited
↑ "Aristotle's History of Animals: In Ten Books", Aristoteles, tõlkija Richard Creswell, 1862
↑ "Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles", 4.trükk, 598:2014
↑ Krecsák, László, Richard Wahlgren, A survey of the Linnaean type material of Coluber berus, Coluber chersea and Coluber prester (Serpentes, Viperidae) , Journal of Natural History, 2. juuli 2008, (vaadatud 6.11.2013)
↑ C. et Aug Duméril, Catalogue methodique de la collection des reptiles. , Paris, Gide et Baudry, 1851 , Google'i raamatu (vaadatud 26.10.2013) (prantsuse keeles )
↑ Noguchi, Hideyo, Snake venoms; an investigation of venomous snakes with special reference to the phenomena of their venoms. (Cope, Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U. S. National Museum, 1898.) , lk 3, 1909, Garnegie Institution of Washington, OpenLibrary raamatu (vaadatud 6.06.2014)
↑ Hideyo Noguchi , Snake venoms; an investigation of venomous snakes with special reference to the phenomena of their venoms , lk 3, 1909, Garnegie Institution of Washington, OpenLibrary raamatu (vaadatud 6.06.2014)
↑ G. A. Boulenger,THE SNAKES OF EUROPE , LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1913 , OpenLibrary raamatu (vaadatud 26.10.2013)
↑ Roomajate andmebaasi vaadatud 12. septembril 2013
↑ Uropeltidae , Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 2.05.2015)
↑ Pythonidae , Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 30.04.2015)
↑ Calamariinae , Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 2.05.2015) (inglise keeles)
↑ Peter Uetz ja Jakob Hallermann . Colubrinae , (vaadatud 30.04.2015) (inglise keeles)
↑ Sibynophiinae , Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 1.05.2015)
↑ Homalopsidae roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 1.05.2015) (inglise keeles)
↑ Peter Uetz & Jakob Hallermann. Aparallactinae , (vaadatud 30.04.2015) (inglise keeles)
↑ Natricidae , Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 30.04.2015)(ladina keeles )
↑ Elapidae , Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 30.04.2015)(ladina keeles )
↑ Roomajate andmebaasi vaadatud 10. juunil 2014
↑ Globally Extinct: Reptiles According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (version 2012.1) , (vaadatud 07.06.2014)
↑ Anomalophiidae , (vaadatud 3.05.2015)
↑ Anomalophis bolcensis , (vaadatud 3.05.2015)
↑ †Boavus affinis Brattstrom 1955 (boa) , vaadatud 24. märtsil 2017
↑ Sissekanne Fossilworks-is , (vaadatud 3.06.2014)
↑ Sissekanne Fossilworks-is , (vaadatud 3.06.2014)],
↑ Mikko's Phylogeny Archive (vaadatud 28.09.2013) (inglise keeles) ]
↑ Sissekanne Fossilworks-is , (vaadatud 8.06.2014)
↑ JOHN D. SCANLON, AUSTRALIA’S OLDEST KNOWN SNAKES: PATAGONIOPHIS, ALAMITOPHIS, AND CF. MADTSOIA (SQUAMATA: MADTSOIIDAE) FROM THE EOCENE OF QUEENSLAND , MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, (vaadatud 3.06.2014)
↑ Sissekanne Fossilworks-is , (vaadatud 3.06.2014)
↑ Sissekanne fossilworks-is , (vaadatud 8.06.2014)
↑ 30,0 30,1 Sissekanne fossilworks-is , (vaadatud 8.06.2014)
↑ Sissekanne Paleontology Database-s , (vaadatud 8.06.2014)
↑ Sissekanne fossilworks-is , (vaadatud 8.06.2014)
↑ Sissekanne Fossilworks-is , (vaadatud 24.06.2014)