India ookean

India ookeani kaart

India ookean on ookean, mida piiravad Euraasia, Aafrika, Austraalia ja Antarktis. Enamik ookeanist jääb lõunapoolkerale.

India ookean on geoloogiliselt kõige noorem ookean, mis tekkis Gondwana ürgmandri lagunemise tulemusel. India ookean moodustab umbes 21% maailmamere kogupinnast. Ookeani keskmine sügavus on 3850 meetrit.[1]

India ookeani eraldab Atlandi ookeanist 20° idapikkuse meridiaan ning Vaiksest ookeanist suured ja väikesed Sunda saared, Uus-Guinea ja Tasmaania lõunatippu Kaguneeme läbiv meridiaan (umbes 147° idapikkust).

Ookeanipõhja kõige olulisem pinnavorm on ookeani keskmäestik, mille kuju meenutab tagurpidi Y-tähte. Keskmäestik jaotab ookeanipõhja kolme laama vahel, milleks on Aafrika laam, Antarktika laam ja Austraalia-India laam.

Ookeani kõige sügavam koht asub Põhja-Austraalia nõos ja Sunda süvikus, pisut Bali saarest lõunas. See ulatub 7729 meetrit merepinnast allapoole. [2]

Ookeani keskmäestikust idas on merepõhi kaetud peamiselt pruunika saviga, läänepoolne osa aga peamiselt globigeriinmudaga. Ookeani lõunaosas domineerib valdavalt ränivetikate kodadest moodustunud muda.

India ookeani suurimad saared on Madagaskar ja Sri Lanka. India ja Vaikse ookeani piiriks olevatest saartest on suurimad Sumatra ja Jaava.

Täies osas paiknevad India ookeani saartel Bahrein, Madagaskar, Maldiivid, Mauritius, Seišellid ja Sri Lanka.

Viited

  1. Hayes, Dennis E. (2007). Indian Ocean. Entsüklopeedias McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology (10. trükk). McGraw-Hill. Köide 9 (I–LEV). Lk 90–97. ISBN 0071441433
  2. Suur maailma atlas, lk. 158-159

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