Índice Broca

El índice Broca es una fórmula que fue desarrollada en 1871 por el médico y cirujano francés Paul Broca (1824-1880)[1]​ a partir de estudios realizados sobre soldados. Es una forma rápida y sencilla de determinar la masa corporal de referencia de una persona adulta a partir de su estatura:[2]​

Cálculo

El índice de Broca se calcula a partir de la siguiente fórmulaː

siendo P la masa, expresado en kg, y E la estatura, medida en cm. El valor obtenido varía en función del sexo:

  • Hombres: ±10%
  • Mujeres: ±15%

Por ejemplo, el peso corporal de referencia para un hombre de 180 cm será igual a:

ː P (kg) = (180 - 100) ± ( 180-100 ) × 0,1 = 80 ± 8 = (88-72) kg

es decir, el peso de referencia para los hombres de 180 cm, según el índice de Broca, se situaría entre 72 y 88 kg.

Si bien actualmente aún se utiliza este índice en algunos estudios científicos, presenta serias limitaciones cuando se realizan estudios médicos en individuos con determinadas características antropométricas[3]​,.[4]​ En la práctica clínica se recurre a otros coeficientes, como el índice de masa corporal también conocido como índice de Quetelet, para estimar el peso de referencia de un individuo.

Observación

Un error frecuente en el uso e interpretación del dato obtenido con este índice, es creer que es el valor correspondiente al peso que una persona en particular debe tener. Nada más lejos de la realidad: es el peso promedio característico de la población que posee características similares a las del individuo que se está analizando.

Véase también

Referencias

  1. ↑ Anónimo. 1989. Paul Broca (1824–1880). International Journal of Anthropology 4 (4): 233-316.
  2. ↑ Rössner S. 2007. Paul Pierre Broca (1824–1880). Obesity Reviews 8(3): 277.
  3. ↑ Kato M, Shimazu M, Moriguchi S, Kishino Y. 1996. Body mass index (BMI) is a reliable index to estimate obesity as a risk factor for deteriorating health. The Tokushima Journal of Experimental Medicine 43(1-2):1-6.
  4. ↑ Shah B, Sucher K y Hollenbeck CB. 2006. Comparison of ideal body weight equations and published height-weight tables with body mass index tables for healthy adults in the United States. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 21(3):312–319.
  • JVC (2008). Enciclopedia JVC´s Inc. JVC´s Studios. 

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