Fosfolipasa D

Estructura molecular de la fosfolipasa D.

Fosfolipasa D es una enzima localizada en la membrana plasmática que hidroliza el lípido fosfatidilcolina a ácido fosfatídico (que queda alojado en la membrana) y colina (hidrosoluble y capaz de difundir en el citosol). En humanos hay dos isoformas de esta enzima, PLD1 y PLD2. Relacionada con la transducción de señales, interactúa con proteín kinasas como PKC, ERK y TYK (algunas de las cuales están en la ruta MAPK).[1]​

Cabe destacar que la colina, elemento común en la célula, no es una señal interna per se, y que su abundancia no varía en términos apreciables debido a la actividad de esta enzima. El ácido fosfatídico, en cambio, sí interviene como molécula señal y es capaz de reclutar a la kinasa de esfingosina 1 a la membrana. Además, este ácido es hidrolizádo rápidamente pro parte de la ácido fosfatídico fosfohidrolasa, dando lugar a diacilglicerol (DAG), el cual es un compuesto clave en las rutas de señalización celular; no obstante, pese a la capacidad de interconversión sus funciones se encuentran delimitadas en rutas biológicas distintas.[2]​

Referencias

  1. ↑ Paruch S, El-Benna J, Djerdjouri B, Marullo S, Périanin A (enero de 2006). «A role of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases in formyl-peptide receptor-mediated phospholipase D activity and oxidant production». FASEB J. 20 (1): 142-4. PMID 16253958. doi:10.1096/fj.05-3881fje. 
  2. ↑ Hodgkin M, Pettitt T, Martin A, Michell R, Pemberton A, Wakelam M (1998). «Diacylglycerols and phosphatidates: which molecular species are intracellular messengers?». Trends Biochem Sci 23 (6): 200-4. PMID 9644971. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01200-6. 

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