Criolita

Criolita
General
Categoría Minerales haluros
Clase 3.CB.15 (Strunz)
Fórmula química Na3AlF6
Propiedades físicas
Color Negro parduzco, pardo rojizo, incoloro, gris, blanco.
Raya Blanca
Transparencia Transparente a translúcida
Sistema cristalino Monoclínico
Dureza 2,5-3
Densidad 2,98 g/cm³
[editar datos en Wikidata]

La criolita (Na3AlF6, hexafluoraluminato de sodio) es un mineral del grupo III(halogenuros) según la clasificación de Strunz. Es un fluoruro de aluminio y sodio (Na3AlF6). En estado natural se encuentra en Ivittuut (Groenlandia).

Su importancia proviene de su facilidad de disolver el óxido de aluminio (Al2O3); por esta razón se emplea fundida como fundente de la alúmina en la obtención del aluminio metálico por electrólisis. La Criolita funde a 1012 °C.

Las grandes cantidades de este mineral utilizadas en la industria no pueden ser obtenidas de los yacimientos naturales, por esto se produce artificialmente a partir de sales de aluminio y ácido fluorhídrico.

La criolita fue descrita por primera vez en 1799 por el veterinario y médico danés Peder Christian Abildgaard (1740-1801);[1]​ fue obtenido a partir de un yacimiento de la misma en Ivittuut, en las inmediaciones del fiordo de Arsuk, en el suroeste de Groenlandia. El nombre deriva de las palabras griegas κρνος (cryos) = hielo, y λιθος (litos) = piedra.[2]​

Notas

  1. ↑ Ver:
    • (Abildgaard) (1799) "Norwegische Titanerze und andre neue Fossilien" (Norwegian titanium ores and other new fossils), Allgemeines Journal der Chemie, 2 : 502. From p. 502: "In der ordenlichen Versammlung der königl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften am 1. Februar dieses Jahres stattete Hr. Prof. Abildgaard einen Verricht über die Norwegischen Titanerze und über die von ihm mit denselben angestellten Analysen ab. Zugleich theilte er auch eine Nachricht von einer vor wenigen Jahren aus Grönland nach Dänemark gebrachten besonders weißen spathartigen Miner mit. Einer damit angestellten Untersuchung zu folge bestand sie aus Thonerde und Flußspathsäure. Eine Verbindung, von welcher noch kein ähnliches Beyspiel im Mineralreich vorgekommen ist. Sie hat den Namen Chryolit erhalten, weil sie vor dem Löthrohre wie gefrorne Salzlauge schmilzt."
    • P. C. Abildgaard (1800) "Om Norske Titanertser og om en nye Steenart fra Grönland, som bestaaer af Flusspatsyre og Alunjord" (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última)., Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers-Selskabs (The Royal Danish Scientific Society), 3rd series, 1 : 305-316. Abildgaard named cryolite on p. 312: "Han har kaldt denne grönlandske Steen Kryolith eller Iissteen formedelst dens Udseende, og fordi den smelter saa meget let for Blæröret."
  2. ↑ Albert Huntington Chester, A Dictionary of the Names of Minerals Including Their History and Etymology (New York, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1896), p. 68.

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