Ácido graso de cadena muy larga

Un ácido graso de cadena muy larga (VLCFA) es un ácido graso con 22 o más carbonos. Su biosíntesis ocurre en el retículo endoplasmático.[1]​ Los VLCFA pueden representar hasta un pequeño porcentaje del contenido total de ácidos grasos de una célula.[2]​

A diferencia de la mayoría de los ácidos grasos, los VLCFA son demasiado largos para ser metabolizados en las mitocondrias, en el retículo endoplásmico (RE) de las plantas y deben metabolizarse en los peroxisomas.

Ciertos trastornos peroxisomales, como la adrenoleucodistrofia y el síndrome de Zellweger, pueden estar asociados con una acumulación de VLCFA.[3]​[4]​ Las enzimas que producen VLCFA son el objetivo de los herbicidas, incluida la piroxasulfona.[5]​[6]​

Principales VLCFA

Algunos de los VLCFA saturados más comunes:

También se conocen varios VLCFA monoinsaturados:

  • ácido nervónico (Δ15-24:1),
  • ácido ximénico (Δ17-26:1) y
  • ácido lumequénico (Δ21-30:1).[7]​

Véase también

Referencias

  1. ↑ Jakobsson, Andreas; Westerberg, Rolf; Jacobsson, Anders "Fatty acid elongases in mammals: their regulation and roles in metabolism" Progress in Lipid Research 2006, volume 45, pp. 237-249. doi 10.1016/j.plipres.2006.01.004
  2. ↑ "Very-long-chain fatty acids from the animal and plant kingdoms" Rezanka, Tomas Progress in Lipid Research 1989, volume 28, pp. 147-87. doi 10.1016/0163-7827(89)90011-8
  3. ↑ Kemp, Stephan and Watkins, Paul. «Very long-chain fatty acids». X-ald Database. Consultado el 5 de enero de 2013. 
  4. ↑ «Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency». Genetics Home Reference, National Institutes of Health. Consultado el 5 de enero de 2013. 
  5. ↑ Nakatani, Masao; Yamaji, Yoshihiro; Honda, Hisashi; Uchida, Yukio (2016). «Development of the novel pre-emergence herbicide pyroxasulfone». Journal of Pesticide Science 41 (3): 107-112. PMC 6140635. PMID 30363083. doi:10.1584/jpestics.J16-05. 
  6. ↑ Trenkamp, S.; Martin, W.; Tietjen, K. (10 de agosto de 2004). «Specific and differential inhibition of very-long-chain fatty acid elongases from Arabidopsis thaliana by different herbicides». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (32): 11903-11908. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10111903T. PMC 511072. PMID 15277688. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404600101. 
  7. ↑ Řezanka, Tomáš; Sigler, Karel (2009). «Odd-Numbered Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids from the Microbial, Animal and Plant Kingdoms». Progress in Lipid Research 48 (3–4): 206-238. PMID 19336244. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2009.03.003. 

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