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Zdzisław Beksiński
Zdzisław Beksiński
	Beksiński in 2003
Born	24 February 1929; Sanok, Poland
Died	21 February 2005 (aged 75); Warsaw, Poland
Nationality	Polish
Known for	Painting, sculpture, photography
Awards	Order of Polonia Restituta
Signature

Zdzisław Beksiński (pronounced [ˈzd͡ʑiswaf bɛkˈɕiɲskʲi]; 24 February 1929 – 21 February 2005) was a Polish painter, photographer, and sculptor specializing in the field of dystopian surrealism.

Beksiński made his paintings and drawings in what he called either a Baroque or a Gothic manner. His creations were made mainly in two periods. The first period of work is generally considered to contain expressionistic colour, with a strong style of "utopian realism" and surreal architecture. The second period contained more abstract style, with the main features of formalism.^[1]

Beksiński was stabbed to death at his Warsaw apartment on February 21, 2005, by a 19-year-old acquaintance from Wołomin, reportedly because Beksiński refused to lend him money.^[2]

Life

Zdzisław Beksiński was born in Sanok, southern Poland. He studied architecture at Kraków Polytechnic in 1947, finishing his studies in 1952.^[3] He returned to Sanok in 1955, working as a construction site supervisor, but found that he did not enjoy it. During this period, he had an interest in montage photography, sculpting, and painting. When he first started sculpting, he often used his construction site materials for his medium. His early photography was a precursor to his later paintings, often depicting peculiar wrinkles, desolate landscapes, and still-life faces on rough surfaces. His paintings often depict anxiety, such as torn doll faces, or faces erased or obscured by bandages wrapped around the portrait. His main focus was on abstract painting, and his works in the 1960s were inspired by surrealism.^[1]

Painting and drawing

Beksiński had no formal training as an artist. He was a graduate of the Faculty of Architecture at the Kraków Polytechnic, receiving an MSc in 1952.^[2] His paintings were mainly created using oil paint on hardboard panels that he personally prepared, although he also experimented with acrylic paints. Beksiński listened to classical music while painting.^[4]

Fantastic Realism

An exhibition of Beksiński's works organized by Janusz Bogucki in Warsaw in 1964 was his first major success.^[5]^[6]

Beksiński soon became the leading figure in contemporary Polish art. In the late 1960s, Beksiński entered what he called his "fantastic period," which lasted into the mid-1980s. This is his best-known period, during which he created disturbing images, showing a gloomy, surrealistic environment with detailed scenes of death, decay, landscapes filled with skeletons, deformed figures, and deserts. At the time, Beksiński claimed, "I wish to paint in such a manner as if I were photographing dreams."^[7]

Despite the grim subjects, Beksiński claimed some of his works were misunderstood; in his opinion, they were rather optimistic or even humorous. For the most part, Beksiński was adamant that even he did not know the meaning of his artworks and was uninterested in possible interpretations; in keeping with this notion, he refused to provide titles for any of his drawings or paintings. Before moving to Warsaw in 1977, he destroyed a selection of his works in his own backyard, without leaving any documentation concerning them.^[8]

Later work

In the later part of the 1990s, he became interested in computers, the Internet, digital photography and photo manipulation, a medium that he focused on until his death.^[9]

Later life and death

Beksiński's wife, Zofia, died in 1998; a year later, on Christmas Eve 1999, his son Tomasz committed suicide by drug overdose. Beksiński discovered his son's body.

On 21 February 2005, Beksiński was found dead in his flat in Warsaw with 17 stab wounds on his body; two of the wounds were determined to have been fatal. Robert Kupiec, the teenage son of his longtime caretaker, and a friend were arrested shortly after the crime. On 9 November 2006 Robert Kupiec was sentenced to 25 years in prison, and his accomplice, Łukasz Kupiec, to 5 years by the court of Warsaw. Before his death, Beksiński had refused to loan Robert Kupiec a few hundred złoty (approximately US$100).^[10]

Personality

Although Beksiński's art was often grim, he himself was known to be a pleasant person who took enjoyment from conversation and had a keen sense of humor. He was modest and somewhat shy, avoiding public events such as the openings of his own exhibitions. He credited music as his main source of inspiration. He claimed not to be much influenced by literature, cinema or the work of other artists, and almost never visited museums or exhibitions. Beksiński avoided concrete analysis of the content of his work, saying "I don't want to say or convey anything. I just paint what comes to my mind".^[11]

He had obsessive–compulsive disorder,^[12] which made him reluctant to travel;^[13] he referred to his condition as "neurotic diarrhea".^[13]

Artistic legacy

The town of Sanok, Poland, houses a museum dedicated to Beksiński. A Beksiński museum housing 50 paintings and 120 drawings from the Dmochowski collection (who owns the biggest private collection of Beksiński's art)^[14] opened in 2006 in the City Art Gallery of Częstochowa, Poland. On 18 May 2012 with the participation of Minister of Regional Development Elżbieta Bieńkowska and others took place ceremonial opening of the New Gallery of Zdzisław Beksiński [pl] in the rebuilt wing of the castle. On 19 May 2012, The New Gallery opened for the public.^[15] A 'Beksiński cross', in the characteristic T-shape frequently employed by the artist, was installed for Burning Man to honor the artist's memory.^[12]

In 2023, the online Zdzisław Beksiński Art Promotion Archive, an online collection of Beksiński's works, was created.^[16]

Short stories

During the years 1963–1965, Beksiński wrote short stories. However, he was unhappy with the results and sealed them away, deciding to hone his skills in painting instead.^[17] They remained unpublished until after his death. In 2015, a collection of his short stories was published. The stories have an unfinished and chaotic nature; they vary from abstract onirist tales and philosophical self-reflections to metaphorical post-apocalyptic fiction and crime thriller stories.^[18]^[19] Beksiński's literary period is described as "short and intensive", as he wrote 40 short stories in fewer than two years, experimenting with form and narrative.^[20]^[21]

References

^ ^a ^b Krzysztof Jurecki (August 2004). "Zdzisław Beksiński". Culture.pl, Museum of Art in Łódź. Translated by Marek Kępa, February 2012. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b Polska Agencja Prasowa (23 February 2005). "Morderstwo malarza Zdzisława Beksińskiego. Zabójca Beksińskiego posiedzi 25 lat – odwołanie oddalone". Super Express (in Polish). Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
^ "Life and work". muzeum.sanok.pl. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
^ Gerakiti, Errika (11 September 2019). "The Dystopian Surrealism of Zdzislaw Beksinski". Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
^ "Beksiński nieobojętny. 27 prac, które poruszą każdego" (in Polish). 16 June 2021. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
^ "Beksiński w Warszawie!" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
^ "Moje sny czasem spotykają się ze snami Beksińskiego" (in Polish). 8 November 2020. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
^ "Artystyczne eksperymenty Zdzisława Beksińskiego" (in Polish). 18 October 2016. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
^ "Beksiński od fotografii do wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Ponad sto prac w Koneserze" (in Polish). 14 April 2019. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
^ "Painter Zdzislaw Beksinski found stabbed to death". Lincoln Journal Star. The Associated Press. 21 February 2005. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
^ "Twórczość Zdzisława Beksińskiego" (in Polish). 20 February 2009. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Zdzislaw Beksinski: The Dystopian Surrealist Painter You Should Know". 5 May 2021. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b "About Zdzisław Beksiński - biography, techniques, facts, quotes, photography and more". Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
^ Sny Beksińskiego Archived 28 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine November 2015.
^ "Otwarcie Galerii Beksińskiego w Sanoku w 2012" (in Polish). 7 February 2011. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
^ "Archiwum promocji sztuki Zdzisława Beksińskiego". www.beksinskiarchiwum.net. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
^ Chomiszczak, Tomasz (2016). "Posłowie: „Zaledwie okruchy, bezużyteczne szczątki, niedojedzone przez czas resztki". Prozatorskie do-myślenia Zdzisława Beksińskiego". In Beksiński, Zdzisław (ed.). Opowiadania. Bosz. pp. 356–409. ISBN 978-83-7576-253-2.
^ krzysiek66 (29 May 2015). "Zdzisław Beksiński "Opowiadania"". ksiazkizklimatem.wordpress.com. WordPress. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "Opowiadania – Zdzisław Beksiński". lubimyczytac.pl. Lubimyczytać.pl. 12 July 2021. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
^ "Opowiadania - Zdzisław Beksiński". empik.com. Empik. 13 July 2021. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
^ Zdzisław Beksiński. Opowiadania. Bosz. 13 July 2021. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

Sources

Cowan, J. (Ed.) 2006: The Fantastic Art of Beksiński – Zdzislaw Beksiński: 1929–2005, 3rd edn., Galerie Morpheus International, Las Vegas. ISBN 1-883398-38-X.
Dmochowski, A. & P. 1991: Beksiński – Photographies, Dessins, Sculptures, Peintures, 2nd edn., API Publishing (Republic of Korea).
Dmochowski, A. & P. 1991: Beksiński – Peintures et Dessins 1987–1991, 1st edn., API Publishing (Republic of Korea).
Gazeta Wyborcza, an interview with Zdzisław Beksiński
Kulakowska-Lis, J. (Ed.) 2005: Beksiński 1, 3rd edn.; with introduction by Tomasz Gryglewicz. Bosz Art, Poland. ISBN 83-87730-11-4.
Kulakowska-Lis, J. (Ed.) 2005: Beksiński 2, 2nd edn.; with introduction by Wieslaw Banach. Bosz Art, Poland. ISBN 83-87730-42-4.