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The xylorimba (sometimes referred to as xylo-marimba or marimba-xylophone) is a pitched percussion instrument similar to an extended-range xylophone with a range identical to some 5-octave celestas or 5-octave marimbas, though typically an octave higher than the latter. Despite its name, it is not a combination of a xylophone and a marimba; its name has been a source of confusion, as many composers have called for a 'xylorimba', including Alban Berg, Pierre Boulez and Olivier Messiaen, but for parts requiring only a four-octave xylophone (Blades and Holland n.d.). However, Pierre Boulez wrote for two five-octave xylorimbas in Pli selon pli (Blades and Holland n.d.).

Like the xylophone and marimba, the xylorimba consists of a series of wooden bars laid out like a piano keyboard "with a compass sufficiently large to embrace the low-sounding bars of the marimba and the highest-sounding bars of the xylophone."^{[citation needed]} The lower notes of the xylorimba are described as sounding closer to a xylophone than a marimba, on account of its bars being both thicker and narrower, and due to the different size and shape of its resonators; the size and shape of the bars differs to emphasize different overtones (Blades and Holland n.d.).

The xylorimba experienced its greatest popularity in the 1920s and 30s, particularly within vaudeville theatre (Blades and Holland n.d.).

Compositions including xylorimba

(4, 4.5, and 5-octave instruments):

Alban Berg: Three Pieces for Orchestra (1914–15, revised 1929)
Erik Bergman: Hathor Suite for soprano, baritone, mixed chorus and ensemble (cor anglais, flute, harp and percussion) (1971)
William Bolcom: Dream Music No. 2 for four players (1982)
Pierre Boulez: Le Marteau sans maître for alto and six instruments (1953–55, revised 1957)
Pierre Boulez: Pli selon pli for soprano and orchestra (1957–62)
HK Gruber: Piano Concerto (2016; world premiere)
Helmut Lachenmann: Mouvement (- vor der Erstarrung)) for three ad hoc players and 14 players (1982/84)
Helmut Lachenmann: Souvenir for 41 instruments (1959)
Helmut Lachenmann: Accanto for solo clarinet and orchestra (1975–76)
Olivier Messiaen: Couleurs de la Cité Céleste for piano and chamber orchestra (1963)
Olivier Messiaen: La Transfiguration de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ for mixed choir, seven solo instruments and large orchestra (1965–69)
Olivier Messiaen: Des Canyons aux étoiles... for piano solo, horn, xylorimba, glockenspiel and orchestra (1971–74)
Olivier Messiaen: Saint François d'Assise opera (1975–83)
Olivier Messiaen: Éclairs sur l'au-delà… for large orchestra (1988–92)
Krzysztof Penderecki: Strophen for soprano, voce recitante, and 10 instruments (1959)
Carlos Stella: quartet: pastiches, parodies and variations on two themes by stravinsky and berio for piccolo clarinet, trombone, xylorimba and vibraphone (1995)
Igor Stravinsky: The Flood: A musical play TV opera (1962)
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Gruppen for three orchestras (1955–57) (in the list of instruments for Orchestra III, but the score itself calls for a marimbaphone, as in Orchestra I)
Iannis Xenakis: Pléïades for percussion sextet (1978)
The The: Introduction to the song "Uncertain Smile" (1982)

References

Blades, James, and James Holland. n.d. "Xylorimba [xylo-marimba, marimba-xylophone]". Grove Music Online, edited by Deane Root. Oxford Music Online. (Retrieved 5 February 2011).