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Xingguo County

兴国县
Hingkwo
Xingguo County 兴国县 Hingkwo
County
	Nickname: County of Generals (将军县)
	Location of Xingguo County (red) in Jiangxi
	Coordinates: 26°20′02″N 115°20′46″E / 26.33389°N 115.34611°E
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Jiangxi
Prefecture-level city	Ganzhou
Seat	Lianjiang (潋江镇)
Area
• Total	3,214.46 km2 (1,241.11 sq mi)
Dimensions
• Length	84 km (52 mi)
• Width	71.5 km (44.4 mi)
Population (2010)
• Total	719,830
• Density	220/km2 (580/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	342400
Area code	0797
Website	www.xingguo.gov.cn

Xingguo County (simplified Chinese: 兴国县; traditional Chinese: 興國縣; pinyin: Xīngguó Xiàn) is a county in south central Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of and located in the north of the prefecture-level city of Ganzhou, with a total area of 3,214.46 km² (1,241.11 sq mi). Its population was 719,830 at the 2010 census.^[2]

History

In 236 during the Three Kingdoms period Pingyang County was set up in the current area of Xingguo County. In 982 during the Northern Song period the county of Xingguo was set up, named after the Taipingxingguo era (AD 976 – 984) of the emperor of that time.^[1]

Xingguo was one of the counties controlled by the Chinese Communist Party in the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet, a constituent entity of the Chinese Soviet Republic from 1931. Xingguo county was the site of pioneering achievements in land reform, educational reform, and organizational development.^[3]^: 49 Mao Zedong praised these successes as part of "Xingguo Model" in 1934, and they became an important point of reference for other Communist Party policy experiments in the later 1930s and the 1940s.^[1]^: 49

The county was captured by the Kuomintang forces in 1934 as part of the fifth encirclement campaign.

Administration

As of end of 2019, Xingguo has jurisdiction over 8 towns, 17 townships and 1 economic development zone.^[4] The seat of the county locates at the Lianjiang Town.

8 towns

Lianjiang Town (潋江镇)
Jiangbei Town (江背镇)
Gulonggang Town (古龙冈镇)
Meijiao Town (梅窖镇)

Gaoxing Town (高兴镇)
Liangcun Town (良村镇)
Longkou Town (龙口镇)
Chenggang Town (城岗镇)

17 townships

Xingjiang Township (兴江乡)
Zhangmu Township (樟木乡)
Dongcun Township (东村乡)
Xinglian Township (兴莲乡)
Jiecun Township (杰村乡)
Shefu Township (社富乡)
Butou Township (埠头乡)
Yongfeng Township (永丰乡)
Longping Township (隆坪乡)

Juncun Township (均村乡)
Chayuan Township (茶园乡)
Chongxian Township (崇贤乡)
Fengbian Township (枫边乡)
Nankeng Township (南坑乡)
Fangtai Township (方太乡)
Dinglong Township (鼎龙乡)
Changgang Township (长冈乡)

Geography

Location

Xingguo County locates in the central south of Jiangxi Province, and in the north of Ganzhou prefectural level city. The distance to the center of Ganzhou is about 82 kilometers, and the distance to the provincial capital Nanchang is about 346 kilometers.

Topography

The length from east to west is 84 kilometers and the width from north to south is 71.5 kilometers. Xingguo is mostly covered by hills and mountains: mountains over 1000 meters on the east, north and west edges, while hilly areas in the center and south parts, with a small basin around the county seat Lianjiang Town. The highest point is the Mount Dawushan at Fengbian Township in the north with elevation of 1204 meters, while the lowest point locates at Mubu Village, Longkou Township in the south with elevation of 127.9 meters.^[5]

Rivers

The rivers in Xingguo are mostly tributaries to Gong River,^[5] which forms Gan River together with Zhang River near the city center of Ganzhou.

There are several reservoirs in Xingguo, the largest one being Changgang Reservoir at Changgang Township.

Climate

Xingguo has a humid subtropical climate. The annual average temperature is 19.0 °C, and the average annual precipitation is 1545 mm.^[5]

Climate data for Xingguo (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	26.4 (79.5)	30.5 (86.9)	31.9 (89.4)	34.7 (94.5)	36.0 (96.8)	37.5 (99.5)	40.4 (104.7)	40.4 (104.7)	37.9 (100.2)	36.5 (97.7)	32.8 (91.0)	26.6 (79.9)	40.4 (104.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	12.2 (54.0)	15.1 (59.2)	18.3 (64.9)	24.7 (76.5)	28.8 (83.8)	31.3 (88.3)	34.5 (94.1)	33.9 (93.0)	30.8 (87.4)	26.5 (79.7)	21.0 (69.8)	15.0 (59.0)	24.3 (75.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	7.8 (46.0)	10.3 (50.5)	13.8 (56.8)	19.7 (67.5)	23.9 (75.0)	26.8 (80.2)	29.2 (84.6)	28.5 (83.3)	25.6 (78.1)	20.8 (69.4)	15.3 (59.5)	9.6 (49.3)	19.3 (66.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	4.9 (40.8)	7.2 (45.0)	10.7 (51.3)	16.1 (61.0)	20.4 (68.7)	23.5 (74.3)	25.1 (77.2)	24.8 (76.6)	21.9 (71.4)	16.8 (62.2)	11.4 (52.5)	6.0 (42.8)	15.7 (60.3)
Record low °C (°F)	−4.5 (23.9)	−3.3 (26.1)	−1.7 (28.9)	3.8 (38.8)	10.0 (50.0)	14.2 (57.6)	19.3 (66.7)	20.3 (68.5)	13.9 (57.0)	5.0 (41.0)	−0.7 (30.7)	−6.3 (20.7)	−6.3 (20.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	70.5 (2.78)	92.1 (3.63)	178.4 (7.02)	173.7 (6.84)	230.9 (9.09)	258.7 (10.19)	160.3 (6.31)	163.8 (6.45)	68.6 (2.70)	57.4 (2.26)	74.0 (2.91)	53.1 (2.09)	1,581.5 (62.27)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	11.2	12.6	17.9	16.4	17.3	16.8	11.5	14.0	8.6	5.9	7.7	8.4	148.3
Average snowy days	1.8	1.0	0.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.5	3.4
Average relative humidity (%)	78	79	82	80	80	80	73	76	76	73	76	75	77
Mean monthly sunshine hours	81.3	82.3	79.5	109.5	129.1	143.3	244.3	216.1	179.9	166.6	134.5	120.4	1,686.8
Percent possible sunshine	25	26	21	29	31	35	58	54	49	47	42	37	38
Source: China Meteorological Administration^[6]^[7]

Demographics

According to the official website, the population in 2015 was about 820,000.^[8] Xingguo is Hakka area, the ancestors of the population mostly came from Henan, Gansu and other provinces such as Shaanxi, Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong.^[1]

There are a small number of She people living in Xingguo. According to the records, there were 810 households and 4419 She people in 1986.^[9] Four villages in Xingguo are designated to She people.

Places of interests

The Revolutionary Sites of Xingguo is on the list of Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level. It includes 5 different sites where Mao Zedong, Communist Party, and Red Army had had activities during 1929 - 1933.^[10] As a result of these activities, there has been 54 persons from Xingguo appointed as major generals, lieutenant generals, or colonel generals in the army (later additional 2 persons were appointed). So Xingguo is nicknamed as the County of Generals.^[1]

In addition, there are 19 historical and cultural sites protected at the provincial level,^[11] 9 sites at the prefectural city level, and 25 sites at the county level.^[10]

Lianjiang Academy: Built in 1738 as an academy of classical learning. Mao Zedong held the training class for cadre on land reforms here in 1929. Later it functioned as the seat of the Soviet government of Xingguo County from 1930 to 1934. Protected at the national level as a part of the Revolutionary Sites of Xingguo.
Zhuhua Pagoda: Initially built during the Tang dynasty, later rebuilt in 1550 during the Ming dynasty. The central pillar is in square shape, which is quite uncommon among pagodas. Protected at the provincial level.
Inscription "Yongzhen Jiangnan" ("Eternally safeguarding the south of Yangtze") by Wen Tianxiang: It locates in a temple at the top of Mount Dawushan. Protected at the provincial level.
Bingxin Cave: Scenery with Danxia landform.
Taipingyan Cave: A cave in Karst landscape area in Meijiao Town.

Transportation

Highways and roads

Expressways of China: G72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway, Xingguo–Ganxian Expressway
China National Highways: G238, G319, G356
Provincial roads: S227, S229

Railway

There are two railway stations in the county. High-speed services call at Xingguo West railway station and all other services call at Xingguo railway station.

Air

Both airports are within 100 kilometers distance.

Culture

Hakka culture

Xingguo is a settlement for Hakka people, so it has the characteristics of Hakka culture, including the Hakka Chinese language.

Folk song

In Xingguo there is a unique folk song genre called Xingguo Shan'ge (mountain song).

Feng shui

Xingguo is also one of the founding places of feng shui philosophy. Sanliao Village in Meijiao Town is known as the First Village of Feng Shui Culture.^[1]

Notable people

Colonel generals: Chen Qihan, Xiao Hua
Lieutenant general: Qiu Huizuo
Politicians: Guo Shengkun, Wang Taihua, Yang Shangkui, Zeng Qinghong

Cuisine and specialities

Xingguo red carp^[12]
Steamed and dried sweet potato^[12]
Xingguo fish noodle: made from fish meat and sweet potato powder.^[12]
Fen long chuang: fish or meat covered by sweet potato powder, together with spicy taro or sweet potato slices and rice noodles, steamed in a big bamboo case. Together with 4 small dishes, Mao Zedong named it as Si xing wang yue (fours stars gazing at the moon).^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "历史沿革". xingguo.gov.cn (in Chinese). 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c "GÀNZHŌU SHÌ (Prefecture-level City)". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
^ Heilmann, Sebastian (2018). Red Swan: How Unorthodox Policy-Making Facilitated China’s Rise. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. ISBN 978-962-996-827-4.
^ "行政区划". www.ganzhou.gov.cn (in Chinese). 2019-05-07. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c "自然资源". xingguo.gov.cn (in Chinese). 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
^ "兴国县简介". xingguo.gov.cn (in Chinese). 2015-03-11. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
^ Hu Yuchun (2015-12-25). "兴国畲族历史考（一）". xingguoxian.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2016-03-21.
^ ^a ^b "文物保护——兴国县各级文物保护单位名单". jxxggmjng.com (in Chinese). 2013-10-28. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
^ "我县新增13处省级文物保护单位". xingguo.gov.cn (in Chinese). 2018-03-29. Retrieved 2018-07-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c "资源特产". xingguo.gov.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2016-03-21.
^ ""四星望月"——毛泽东命名的客家菜". xgjjw.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2016-03-21.