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Wolfgang
Wolfgang
Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
	Count Palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken
Born	26 September 1526; Zweibrücken
Died	11 June 1569 (aged 42); Nexon, Haute-Vienne
Buried	Meisenheim
Noble family	House of Wittelsbach
Spouse(s)	Anna of Hesse
Issue	Countess Palatine Christine ; Philipp Ludwig of Pfalz-Neuburg ; John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken ; Countess Palatine Dorothea Agnes ; Countess Palatine Elisabeth ; Countess Palatine Anna ; Countess Palatine Elisabeth ; Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach ; Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein ; Barbara, Countess of Oettingen-Oettingen ; Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld ; Maria Elisabeth, Countess of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg ; Countess Palatine Susanna
Father	Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
Mother	Elisabeth of Hesse

Count Palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken (German: Pfalzgraf Wolfgang von Zweibrücken; 26 September 1526 – 11 June 1569) was member of the Wittelsbach family of the Counts Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken from 1532. With the support of his regent, his uncle Rupert (later made the Count of Veldenz), Wolfgang introduced the Reformation to Zweibrücken in 1537.

Biography

He was the only son of Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and his wife Elisabeth of Hesse, daughter of William I, Landgrave of Hesse. His father died in 1532, so the regency of Palatinate-Zweibrücken passed to Louis' younger brother Rupert until 1543. In 1557 Wolfgang received the territory of Palatinate-Neuburg in accordance with the Contract of Heidelberg. In 1548 the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V occupied his Protestant territories and reintroduced Catholic practices. Wolfgang regained his territories in 1552. Despite the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 several ecclesiastical states in Germany were secularised in 1557, a few of which Wolfgang obtained. In 1566 he served as a cavalry officer in the Turkish Wars.

In 1569 he came to the aid of French Huguenots with 14,000 mercenaries during the Third of the French Wars of Religion (his intervention was financed in part by Queen Elizabeth I of England). He invaded Burgundy, but was killed in the conflict.

He was buried in Meisenheim.

Succession

When the young Wolfgang's father died, his uncle Rupert had served as the child's regent. In 1543, when Wolfgang reached majority and took on the responsibility of office, he enacted the Marburg Contract, giving Rupert the County of Veldenz.

After his death, Wolfgang's remaining land was split among his five sons who then created three branches: Philip Louis (House of Palatinate-Neuburg), John (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken) and Charles (House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld). Otto Henry and Frederick had no surviving sons.

The House of Palatinate-Neuburg inherited the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1685 and by its cadet branch Palatinate-Sulzbach also Bavaria in 1777. The House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld then inherited the Electorate of the Palatinate and Bavaria in 1799. The House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken contributed to the monarchy in Sweden from 1654 onwards through its cadet branch Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg.

Family and children

He was married in 1545 to Anna of Hesse, daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. They had the following children:

Countess Palatine Christine (1546 – 1619).
Philipp Ludwig of Pfalz-Neuburg (1547–1614), married Anna of Cleves (1552–1632), daughter of William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. Their grandson was Philip William, Elector Palatine.
John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1550–1604), married his sister-in-law Magdalene (1553–1633), daughter of William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. Their grandson was Charles X Gustav of Sweden.
Countess Palatine Dorothea Agnes (1551–1552).
Countess Palatine Elisabeth (1553–1554).
Countess Palatine Anna (1554–1576).
Countess Palatine Elisabeth (1555–1625).
Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1556–1604), married Dorothea Maria of Württemberg.
Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein (1557–1597), married Katharina Sophie of Legnica.
Countess Palatine Barbara (1559 – 1618), married on 7 November 1591 Gottfried, Count of Oettingen-Oettingen.
Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1560–1600), married Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg and became ancestor to the line of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and the Dukes in Bavaria and later Kings of Bavaria.
Countess Palatine Maria Elisabeth (1561–1629), married in 1585 Emich XII, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg.
Countess Palatine Susanna (1564–1565).

Ancestors

Ancestors of Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

16. Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken

8. Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

17. Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken

4. Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

18. Antoine I de Croÿ, Count of Porcéan

9. Johanna of Croÿ

19. Margaret of Lorraine-Vaudémont

2. Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

20. Kraft V, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim

10. Kraft VI, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim

21. Margaret of Oettingen

5. Margarete of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein

22. Ulrich V, Count of Württemberg

11. Helene of Württemberg

23. Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou

1. Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

24. Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse

12. Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse

25. Anna of Saxony, Landgravine of Hesse

6. William I, Landgrave of Lower Hesse

26. Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg-Urach

13. Mechthild of Württemberg-Urach

27. Mechthild of Germany

3. Elisabeth of Hesse

28. William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

14. William IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

29. Cecilia of Brandenburg

7. Anna of Brunswick

30. Bodo VII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode

15. Elizabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode

31. Anna of Schwarzburg

References

Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon

External links

Die Genealogie der Wittelsbacher

German royalty
Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken House of Wittelsbach Born: 1526 Died: 1569
Regnal titles
Preceded by Otto Henry	Count Palatine of Neuburg 1557–1569	Succeeded by Philipp Louis
Preceded by Louis II	Count Palatine of Veldenz 1532–1543	Succeeded by Rupert
	Duke of Zweibrücken 1532–1569	Succeeded by John I
	Count Palatine of Sulzbach 1532–1569	Succeeded by Otto Henry
	Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein 1532–1569	Succeeded by Frederick
	Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld 1532–1569	Succeeded by Charles I