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Sir William Courtenay, 2nd Baronet
Sir William Courtenay, 2nd Baronet
	William Courtenay, 3rd Viscount Courtenay (c. 1768–1835), later 9th Earl of Devon, painted in 1793 aged 25. Miniature by Richard Cosway
Born	c. 1768
Died	26 May 1835 (aged 66–67)
Partner	William Beckford
Father	William Courtenay
Relatives	William Courtenay (grandfather); Alexander Wedderburn (uncle)

William Courtenay, 3rd Viscount Courtenay (1768-1835), in the masquerade dress he wore aged 21 at his coming-of-age ball at Powderham Castle in 1789, for which event he built the Music Room at Powderham Castle.^[1] Detail from portrait by Richard Cosway (1742-1821), collection of Earl of Devon, Powderham Castle, hanging over chimneypiece in Music Room

William "Kitty" Courtenay, 9th Earl of Devon (c. 1768 – 26 May 1835), was the only son of William Courtenay, de jure 8th Earl of Devon, 2nd Viscount Courtenay, and his wife Frances Clack. He attracted infamy for a homosexual affair with art collector William Beckford from boyhood when it was discovered and publicised by his uncle. From October 1788 until 1831, his official title was The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Courtenay of Powderham.

Family

Courtenay was baptized on 30 August 1768, the fourth of 14 children (his siblings all being girls) ^[2] and was known as "Kitty" to family and friends. On his father's death, he became the 3rd Viscount Courtenay of Powderham. With his new title and wealth, the young Lord Courtenay led an excessively flamboyant lifestyle. He was responsible for the addition of a new Music Room at Powderham Castle, designed by James Wyatt, which included a carpet made by the newly formed Axminster Carpet Company.

Homosexuality

Courtenay was in his time considered a notorious homosexual. His near neighbour and contemporary Rev. John Swete (1752–1821) of Oxton House, Kenton in Devon, wrote of him in veiled terms as follows in connection with a discussion of the Parsonage House of the parish of Powderham:^[3]

"Unconnected with the Lord of the Castle, to me its contiguity would be considered as a drawback of no little weight; I speak as a clergyman who would be solicitous for the welfare of his flock, and who is fully satisfied that his most earnest exhortations to the poor dependants, to be zealous after God and to attend their church, would have but a momentary effect when he who should set them an example was parcus deorum cultor et infrequens" ("Heaven's niggard and unfrequent worshipper"^[4]) (Horace, Odes, Book I, Ode 34, line 1).

Courtenay was described as follows by the genealogist Thomas Christopher Banks (1765–1854) in a letter to Lord Chancellor Brougham (1778-1868), who was an active force behind the decision of the House of Lords to revive the Earldom in his favour:^[5]

"One who ought to think himself happy that his titles and estates have not been forfeited, or himself paid the debt to the law like the Lord Hungerford of Heytesbury" (beheaded in 1541 for offences against the Buggery Act 1533), "one against whom a bill being found 'never ventured to put the question of guilt to a trial' but remained skulking abroad, afraid to venture on taking his seat in Parliament, his motto Ubi Lapsus, Quid Feci" (i.e. ancient motto of the Courtenay family, "Where did I slip, what have I done?") "putting a question which its owner avoids to leave to a tribunal of his country to answer".

Relationship with William Beckford

As a youth, 'Kitty' Courtenay was sometimes named by contemporaries as the most beautiful boy in England.^[2] Courtenay was homosexual and became infamous for his affair with William Beckford; they had met when Courtenay was eleven.^[6] Beckford, 8 years his senior, was a wealthy art collector and sugar plantation owner.

In the autumn of 1784, a houseguest overheard an argument between the then 16-year-old Hon. (his title at that time) William Courtenay and the then 24-year-old Beckford over a note of Courtenay's. There is no record of what the note said, but the houseguest said that Beckford's response on reading it was that he entered Courtenay's room and "horsewhipped him, which created a noise, and the door being opened, Courtenay was discovered in his shirt, and Beckford in some posture or other — Strange story."^[2] Beckford was subsequently hounded out of polite British society when his letters to Courtenay were intercepted by Courtenay's uncle, Lord Loughborough, who then publicised the affair in the newspapers.^[7]

Later life

Courtenay was forced to live abroad, and lived in the United States where he owned a property on the Hudson River in New York. This was Claremont, the 100-acre estate of shipowner Michael Hogan at what is now Riverside Park. Courtenay took up residence in 1807, and from there watched the trial run of Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat.^[8] According to publisher Frank Leslie, Courtenay's land included the site of the Amiable Child Monument,^[9] the only single-person private grave on city-owned land in New York City. Around 1813, Courtenay moved to France, in Paris and in Draveil where he owned a castle.

In 1831, as The 3rd Viscount Courtenay, he successfully petitioned to revive the title of Earl of Devon for the head of the Courtenay family, that title having been dormant since 1556, and so became the 9th Earl.

He died on 26 May 1835 at age 66 in Paris due to natural causes. He was loved by his tenants, who insisted that he be buried in a stately fashion. He was buried on 12 June 1835 in Powderham.^[10] He died unmarried, and fathered no known children.

References

^ French, Daniel, (ed.), Powderham Castle Guidebook, 2011, p.17
^ ^a ^b ^c Bryson, Bill (2010). At Home: A Short History of Private Life. Great Britain: Doubleday. pp. 148. ISBN 978-0-7679-1938-8.
^ Gray, Todd & Rowe, Margery (Eds.), Travels in Georgian Devon: The Illustrated Journals of The Reverend John Swete, 1789-1800, 4 vols., Tiverton, 1999, vol.4, p.138
^ Translation per Lonsdale, James & Lee, Samuel, The Works of Horace Rendered into English Prose, Globe Edition, London, 1900, p.41; literally: "A sparing and infrequent worshipper of the gods".
^ Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, new edition, Volume IV, p.336, note (b)
^ "William Beckford (1760–1844): part one". National Trust for Scotland. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
^ Gabrielle Griffin, "Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian Writing," (Routledge, New York, 2002), P.17
^ "The Claremont Inn, West Harlem, 1804", Harlen World, September 10, 2020
^ "Historic Haints and Homes in New York", Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly, Volume 33, 1892, p.150
^ Honiton (2010). Honiton – A Glimpse Back, T Darrant. ASIN 0952813947.

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Devon

Peerage of England
Preceded by William Courtenay	Earl of Devon de jure until 1831 1788–1835	Succeeded by William Courtenay
Preceded by William Courtenay	Viscount Courtenay 1788–1835	Extinct